反式作用干扰小RNA
tasiRNA(TAS1、TAS2與TAS4)生成的途徑
反式作用干扰小RNA (Trans-acting siRNA,簡稱tasiRNA )是陸生植物 的一類小干擾RNA (siRNA),可進行RNA干擾 ,抑制其他基因的表現 [ 1] [ 2] [ 3] 。tasiRNA最早於2004年在模式生物 阿拉伯芥 中發現[ 1] [ 2] ,植物有TAS1、TAS2、TAS3與TAS4四個基因家族 的基因編碼tasiRNA,這些基因轉錄 產生的RNA後會被多腺苷酸化 ,在miRNA 介導之下TAS1、TAS2與TAS4轉錄的RNA5'端會被Ago1 切割,TAS3轉錄的RNA則是3'端被Ago7切割[ 註 1] [ 5] ,接著此RNA由RNA複製酶 RDR6轉為雙股RNA後,再被DCL4切割成長21nt 且3'端有突出端的小雙股RNA[ 6] [ 7] ,可與RNA誘導沉默複合體 (RISC)結合以進行RNA干擾,將目標mRNA 的切割移除[ 1] 。
陸生植物有數種tasiRNA可抑制生长素应答因子 (auxin response factor,ARF)的mRNA 表現,其突變會造成植株發育異常[ 4] 。
註腳
參考文獻
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