卢光稠

盧光稠
出生840年
唐朝
逝世911年
後梁虔州
职业晚唐军阀

卢光稠(?—910年),晚唐军阀,从885年起控制虔州直至去世,唐亡后名义上同时臣服于后梁及其敌国杨吴

家世背景及夺取虔州

卢光稠出生于虔州(今江西赣州)虔化县清音里(今宁都县麻田)卢氏望族。他状貌雄伟,并无突出才能,但同乡谭全播却以他为奇。唐朝末年,唐朝南方农民军泛滥,岭表贼寇作乱,谭全播鼓动卢光稠也起事,卢光稠从之。当他们聚集来的人要推举谭全播为首时,谭全播让位卢光稠,更威胁要杀了不从卢光稠号令的人,使部众团结。[1]

卢光稠起兵后,屡战屡胜,军势也日渐强大,有军数万。光启元年(885年)正月,卢光稠打败另一流军王潮,攻占虔州,[2][3]自称刺史,用谭全播为谋主。[4][5]

管治虔州

天复二年(902年),卢光稠南征以扩大领土。十二月,他和武安军节度使马殷合兵伐清海军,克韶州[6]但武安军战不利回军,卢光稠将韶州交给儿子卢延昌留守。然后他派弟弟卢光睦围攻潮州,但被清海节度使刘隐所退。刘隐不顾弟弟刘䶮反对,起广州之众攻打韶州,旌旗绵延数十里,围城十余里。卢光稠很害怕,谭全播却认为不足为惧,卢光稠转忧为喜,说:“虔州和韶州当初是和你一起平定的,今日之事,只有你能办。”卢光稠亲自领兵相救,谭全播设伏击败清海军,使卢光稠保住了韶州,[7][8][9]刘隐几乎仅以身免。[3][10]尽管获胜,谭全播并不居功,反而褒扬其他参战将官,使卢光稠更信任他了。[4][11]

天祐三年(906年),淮南节度使弘农郡王杨渥兼并镇南军,吉州刺史彭玕不服,通好马殷求援,又与抚州刺史危全讽信州刺史危仔昌和卢光稠等深相结纳,图谋进取江州[12]

四年(907年),大军阀宣武军节度使朱全忠篡唐建立后梁称太祖之后,卢光稠的领地北面由不顺后梁、仍奉唐朝正朔的弘农郡国(即后来的杨吴)占据,南面则为当时仍为后梁封臣的刘隐所有。[13]卢光稠向后梁纳贡。后梁太祖以虔、韶为百胜军,任卢光稠为防御使兼五岭开通使。[1]

开平三年(909年),弘农败俘割据以抚州为中心的抚、信、袁、吉四州的危全讽并兼并其地。卢光稠于八月上表弘农王杨隆演以示臣服,但仍臣服后梁,表示愿意收复镇南军,立功自效。四年(910年)正月,后梁太祖授卢光稠为镇南军留后[14][15];地方志称,后梁太祖同时还封卢光稠为舟汝王,食邑一千五百户[16],但主要史书均无此记载。

十二月,卢光稠病,想让位谭全播,谭全播拒绝。卢光稠死,卢延昌从韶州赶来哀悼父亲,谭全播推他继任。[6][17]随后,杨隆演和后梁太祖都认可了这次交接。[15]

注释和参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 《新五代史》卷四十一:卢光稠、谭全播,皆南康人也。光稠状貌雄伟,无佗材能,而全播勇敢有识略,然全播常奇光稠为人。唐末,群盗起南方,全播谓光稠曰:“天下汹汹,此真吾等之时,无徒守此贫贱为也!”乃相与聚兵为盗。众推全播为主,全播曰:“诸君徒为贼乎?而欲成功乎?若欲成功,当得良帅,卢公堂堂,真君等主也。”众阳诺之,全播怒,拔剑击木三,斩之,曰:“不从令者如此木!”众惧,乃立光稠为帅。 是时,王潮攻陷岭南,全播攻潮,取其虔、韶二州,又遣光稠弟光睦攻潮州。光睦好勇而轻进,全播戒其持重,不听,度其必败,乃为奇兵伏其归路。光睦果败走,潮人追之,全播以伏兵邀击,大败之,遂取潮州。是时,刘岩起南海,击走光睦,以兵数万攻虔州。光稠大惧,谓全播曰:“虔、潮皆公取之,今日非公不能守也。”全播曰:“吾知刘岩易与尔!”乃选精兵万人,伏山谷中,阳治战地于城南,告岩战期。以老弱五千出战,战酣,伪北,岩急追之,伏兵发,岩遂大败。光稠第战功,全播悉推诸将,光稠心益贤之。 梁初,江南、岭表悉为吴与南汉分据,而光稠独以虔、韶二州请命于京师,愿通道路,输贡赋。太祖为置百胜军,以光稠为防御使、兼五岭开通使,又建镇南军,以为留后。
  2. ^ 《新唐书》卷九
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 《新唐书》卷一百九十
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 《九国志》
  5. ^ 《资治通鉴》卷二百五十六:南康贼帅卢光稠陷虔州,自称刺史,以其里人谭全播为谋主。
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 《新唐书》卷十
  7. ^ 《新五代史》卷六十五
  8. ^ 九国志·苏章传》
  9. ^ 南汉书·苏章传》
  10. ^ 《十国春秋·南汉烈宗世家》
  11. ^ 《资治通鉴》卷二百六十三:是岁,虔州刺史卢光稠攻岭南,陷韶州,使其子延昌守之,进围潮州。清海留后刘隐发兵击走之,乘胜进攻韶州。隐弟陟以为延昌右虔州之援,未可遽取。隐不从,逐围韶州。会江涨,馈运不继,光稠自虔州引兵救之。其将谭全播伏精兵万人于山谷,以羸弱挑战,大破隐于城南,隐奔还。全播悉以功让诸将,光稠益贤之。
  12. ^ 《十国春秋·彭玕传》
  13. ^ 《资治通鉴》卷二百六十六:加清海节度使刘隐、威武节度使王审知兼侍中,乃以隐为大彭王。
  14. ^ 《旧五代史》卷六
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 《资治通鉴》卷二百六十七:危全讽在象牙潭,营栅临溪,亘数千里。庚辰,周本隔溪布陈,先使羸兵尝敌。全讽兵涉溪追之,本乘其半济,纵兵击之,全讽兵大溃,自相蹂藉,溺水死者甚众,本分兵断其归路,擒全讽及将士五千人。……八月,虔州刺史卢光稠以州附于淮南。于是江西之地尽入于杨氏。光稠亦遣使附于梁。 ……辛丑,以卢光稠为镇南留后。 ……虔州刺史卢光稠疾病,欲以位授谭全播,全播不受。光稠卒,其子韶州刺史延昌来奔丧,全播立而事之。吴遣使拜延昌虔州刺史,延昌受之,亦因楚王殷通密表于梁,曰:"我受淮南官,以缓其谋耳,必为朝廷经略江西。"丙寅,以延昌为镇南留后。
  16. ^ 赣州地区志,第4卷. [2023-05-04]. (原始内容存档于2023-05-04). 
  17. ^ 《新唐书·哀帝纪》作天祐元年十一月卢光稠卒,衙将李图自称知州事。误。

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