乙醇胺

乙醇胺
IUPAC名
2-氨基乙醇
英文名 Ethanolamine
别名 2-羟基乙胺
2-氨基乙醇
一乙醇胺
单乙醇胺
1-氨基乙醇2-氨基乙醇
氨基乙醇
乙醛合氨乙醇胺
识别
CAS号 141-43-5  checkY
PubChem 700
ChemSpider 13835336
SMILES
 
  • C(CO)N
InChI
 
  • 1/C2H7NO/c3-1-2-4/h4H,1-3H2
InChIKey HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYAD
EINECS 205-483-3
ChEBI 16000
RTECS KJ5775000
KEGG D05074
性质
化学式 C2H7NO
摩尔质量 61.08 g·mol⁻¹
外观 無色粘稠液體[1]
密度 1.012 g/cm3
熔点 10.3℃
沸点 170℃
溶解性 互溶
蒸氣壓 64 Pa(20℃)[2]
pKa 9.50[3]
折光度n
D
1.4539(20℃)[4]
危险性
欧盟危险性符号
有毒有毒 T
腐蚀性腐蚀性 C
[1]
警示术语 R:R10, R20/21/22, R23/24/25, R34, R36/37/38, R39[1]
安全术语 S:S26, S27, S36/37, S39, S45[1]
MSDS JT Baker
NFPA 704
2
3
0
 
闪点 200℉[1](93.3℃)
自燃温度 410℃
爆炸極限 5.5 - 17%
PEL 3 ppm
相关物质
相关化学品 二乙醇胺
三乙醇胺
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

乙醇胺,又稱2-氨基乙醇2-羥基乙胺单乙醇胺一乙醇胺,英文縮寫ETAMEA,化學式C2H7NO,是一種伯胺有機化合物。具有吸濕性毒性可燃性腐蝕性[1]存在於磷脂,並與膽鹼共存,因此乙醇胺也稱為膽胺[5]

性質

物理性質

常溫常壓下呈無色透明的粘稠液體,具有氣味,呈鹼性。能與乙醇丙酮互溶[1][6],溶於微熱的,微溶於乙醚四氯化碳[1]

化學性質

乙醇胺能吸收二氧化碳硫化氫,與酸反應生成。乙醇胺和脂肪酸反應,生成烷基醇酰胺,其為一種泡沫增效劑[5]

由乙醇胺鹽酸鹽環合、中和可生成六水哌嗪[1]

乙醇胺可與在鎳催化劑條件下發生气相反應,生成常用的螯合劑乙二胺[7]

製備

可由氨水環氧乙烷反應製備,副產物為二乙醇胺三乙醇胺。可通過改變反應物的比例控制產率。[1][8]

反應為放熱反應,反應過程需要控制,防止突然放熱引起失控。

用途

  • 普遍作為氣體中提取酸性組分的淨化液,亦是乳化劑的中間體
  • 氣相色譜固定液和溶劑
  • 製造藥物染料的原料
  • 食品工業用加工助劑[1]

危險

稀的乙醇胺水溶液具有非常弱的鹼性和刺激性,但隨著濃度增大,會刺激皮膚粘膜。操作時應穿戴防護用品,保持良好通風。溶液濺入眼內時,應立刻用水沖洗15分鐘,必要時送院求醫。[1][6]

參見

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 (中文)ChemicalBook 乙醇胺页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ Ethanolamine MSDS (PDF). Acros Organics. [2011-05-13]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-15). 
  3. ^ Hall, H.K., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 5441.
  4. ^ R. E. Reitmeier; V. Sivertz; H. V. Tartar. Some Properties of Monoethanolamine and its Aqueous Solutions. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1940, 62 (8): 1943–1944. doi:10.1021/ja01865a009. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 (中文)化工词典 乙醇胺页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 ChemicalBook CAS数据库列表 乙醇胺. [2011-05-14]. (原始内容存档于2014-12-31). 
  7. ^ Hans-Jürgen Arpe, Industrielle Organische Chemie, 6. Auflage (2007), Seite 275, Wiley VCH
  8. ^ Klaus Weissermel, Hans-Jürgen Arpe, Charlet R. Lindley, Stephen Hawkins. Chap. 7. Oxidation Products of Ethylene. Industrial Organic Chemistry. Wiley-VCH. 2003: 159–161. ISBN 3527305785. 

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