Üzengi kemiği

Kemik: Üzengi
Önden (A) ve alttan (B) üzenginin görünümü.
Latince Stapes
Eklemleri Incudostapedial eklem
Oluştuğu yapı Orta kulak
MeSH Stapes

Üzengi (Latince: stapes) insanların ve diğer memelilerin orta kulağında, ses titreşimlerinin iç kulağa iletilmesinde rol oynayan bir kemiktir. Üzengi şeklindeki küçük kemik sesi oval pencereye iletir. Üzengi, insan vücudundaki en küçük ve en hafif kemiktir ve üzengi ile benzerliğinden dolayı Latincede de üzengi manasına gelen "stapes" ismi kullanılmaktadır. Üzengi kemiğinin sesle beraber hareket edip etmemesi incelenerek, işitme kaybı ve çeşitli hastalıklar tespit edilebilir.[1]

Yapı

10 cent'in üzengi ile karşılaştırılması.

Üzengi, orta kulaktaki kulak kemikçiklerinin üçüncüsüdür. Üzengi şeklindeki kemik insan vücudundaki en küçük kemiktir. Halka bir ligaman ile oval pencereye bağlanır. Üzengi, oval pencereye dayanan bir tabanın yanı sıra, kafa kısmından örs kemiğine bağlıdır. Bu bağlantı "bacak" (Latince: crura) olarak adlandırılan anterior ve posterior çıkıntılar sayesinde gerçekleşir.[2]:862 Kemik, inkusostapedial eklem boyunca örse bağlanır.[3] Kafa tabanı açıklığı boyunca daha geniş olmakla birlikte kabaca 3x2.5 mm boyutundadır.[4]

Hayvanlarda

Üzengi, memelilerdeki üç kulak kemiğinden biridir. Memeli olmayan dört bacaklı hayvanlarda, üzengiye homolog olan kemiğe genellikle columella denir, ancak sürüngenlerde her iki terim de kullanılabilir. Balıklarda homolog kemiğe homandibuler denir ve solungaç kemerinin bir parçasıdır. Amfibilerde eşdeğer terim "Latince: pars media plectra" olmaktadır.[3][5]:481–482

Kaynakça

  1. ^ "Vücuttaki En Küçük Kemik:Üzengi". 2020 Güncel Bilgi. 27 Kasım 2016. 29 Kasım 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 18 Ağustos 2020. 
  2. ^ Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). Gray's anatomy for students. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-8089-2306-0. 
  3. ^ a b Chapman, SC (1 Ocak 2011). "Can you hear me now? Understanding vertebrate middle ear development". Frontiers in Bioscience. Cilt 16. ss. 1675-92. doi:10.2741/3813. PMC 3065862 $2. PMID 21196256. 
  4. ^ Àwengen, DF; Nishihara, S; Kurokawa, H; Goode, RL (Nisan 1995). "Measurements of the stapes superstructure". The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. 104 (4 Pt 1). ss. 311-6. doi:10.1177/000348949510400411. PMID 7717624. 
  5. ^ Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. ISBN 978-0-03-910284-5. 

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