Tamamlayıcı DNA

Mikroaray kullanılan bir testte cDNA çıktısı.

Tamamlayıcı DNA, Komplementer DNA veya cDNA, genetikte, ters transkriptaz enzimiyle katalizlenen bir reaksiyonda şablon olarak kullanılan olgun bir mRNA'dan sentezlenen DNA paçasına verilen addır.[1] cDNA genellikle ökaryot genlerini prokaryotlara klonlamada sıklıkla kullanılır.

cDNA mRNA molekülünün çift zincirli DNA versiyonudur. Ökaryotlarda, mRNA polipeptid dizinimin belirlenmesinde genomik dizinimden daha yararlıdır. Çünkü, intronlar kesilip atılmıştır. Araştırmacılar mRNA yerine cDNA ile çalışmayı tercih ederler. Bunun sebebi de RNA'nın doğal yapısı itibarıyla DNA'dan daha kararsız olmasıdır. Ayrıca RNA molekülü için uygulanabilecek güçlendirme ve saflandırma tekniği yoktur. cDNA, özel bir enzim olan ters transkriptaz ile mRNA'dan oluşturulur. İlk olarak retrovirüslerden izole edilmiştir. mRNA kalıp olarak kullanılır, ters transkriptaz tek zincirli DNA molekülünü sentezler. Bu molekül de daha sonra çift zincirli DNA'yı sentezlemek için kalıp olarak kullanılır.

cDNA, ayrıca bir provirüs yaratmak üzere konağıyla bütünleşen (HIV-1, HIV-2, SIV gibi) retrovirüsler tarafından da üretilir.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ "cDNA - Definitions from Dictionary.com". dictionary.reference.com. 19 Şubat 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. 

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