Rumen Ortodoks Kilisesi

Rumen Ortodoks Kilisesi
Rumen Ortodoks Kilisesi
Rumen Ortodoks Kilisesi
Arması
Kurucu(Romanya Metropolitliği olarak)
Nifon Rusailă, I. Carol
(Romanya Patrikliği olarak)
Miron Cristea, I. Ferdinand
Bağımsızlık1872
Tanınma25 Nisan 1885
BaşpiskoposDaniel, Bütün Romanya Patriği
MerkeziDealul Mitropoliei, Bükreş
AlanRomanya, Moldova
DilRumence
ÜyesiRomanya'da 16.367.267;[1] Moldova'da 720.000, Birleşik Devletler'de 11.203[2]
Episkoposları53 [3]
Rahipler15.068 [3]
Yönetimi15.717 [3]
Keşişler2810 (erkek), 4,795 (kadın) [3]
Manastırlar359 [3]

Romanya Ortodoks Kilisesi (Rumence: Biserica Ortodoxă Română), Avrupa'nın en büyük Ortodoks kilisesidir.

7. yüzyıldaki Slav istilasından önce Orta Çağ boyunca Balkan Yarımadasında yaşayan Ulahlar, Bizans, Bulgar ve Sırp egemenlikleri altında kalmalarına karşın dil birliğini koruyabildiler. Romanya'da ilk Ortodoks metropolitlikleri ancak 14. yüzyılda kurulabildi, Eski Slavca ayin dili olarak benimsendi. Kutsal metinlerin ve ayin metinlerinin Rumenceye çevrilmesi ancak 17. yüzyılda başlayabildi ve 19. yüzyıla değin dürdü.

Bugünkü Romanya patrikliği 1925'te kuruldu. Avusturya Macaristan imparatorluğu'nun Rumen Ortodoks halkıyla, 1865'te Moldova ve Eflak'ta kurulmuş ve 1885'te İstanbul Patriği tarafından tanınmış olan bağımsız Rumen kilisesi bu patriklik altında birleşti. Çağdaş Romanya kilisesinin ayin dili Rumencedir.

II. Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra sosyalist yönetim, 14 piskoposluktan oluşan kilise ile devleti yasal olarak birbirinden ayırmadı. Kilisenin, Bükreş ve Sibiu'daki iki ilahiyat fakültesi ile altı ruhban okulunu sürdürmesine izin verdi. Doğu ayin usûlüne bağlı Romanya Katolik Kilisesi'nin üyeleri 1948'de hükûmet tarafından kapatılınca 1950'de Ortodoks Kilisesi'ne katıldı.

Komünist dönemin sona ermesinden sonra Ortodoks Kilisesi üzerindeki devlet kontrolü sona erdi, buna rağmen kilise hâlen devletten yardım almaktadır.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ 2011 Romanya nüfus sayımı.
  2. ^ Krindatch, Alexei (2011). Atlas of American Orthodox Christian Churches. Brookline, MA: Holy Cross Orthodox Press. s. 143. ISBN 978-1-935317-23-4. 
  3. ^ a b c d e Reichel, Walter; Eder, Thomas (2011). "Religions in Austria". Federal Press Service. Viyana: Federal Chancery, Federal Press Service. s. 25. 6 Şubat 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2 Temmuz 2013. 

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