José Canalejas

José Canalejas y Méndez
İspanya Başbakanı
Görev süresi
9 Şubat 1910 - 12 Kasım 1912
Hükümdar XII. Alfonso
Yardımcı Manuel García Prieto
Yerine geldiği Segismundo Moret y Prendergast
Yerine gelen Álvaro Figueroa, Count Romanones
Kişisel bilgiler
Doğum 31 Temmuz 1854(1854-07-31)
Ferrol, İspanya
Ölüm 12 Kasım 1912 (58 yaşında)
Madrid, İspanya
Partisi Liberal Parti
José Canalejas

José Canalejas y Méndez (d. 31 Temmuz 1854 - ö. 12 Kasım 1912), İspanyol devlet adamı ve demokratik grubun önderi.

Başbakanlığı sırasında antiklerikal Asma Kilit Yasası 'ni çıkararak yeni dinsel tarikatların kurulmasını yasaklamış ve zorunlu askerlik hizmetini getirmiştir.

Sorta bölgesinden 1881 Parlamentosu'na (Cortes) seçilerek siyasete atıldı.[1] Sonraki yıllarda Agreda, Algeciras, Alcoy ve Madrid bölgelerini temsil etti. Parlamento başkanı müstaşarı (1883), bayındırlık ve adalet bakanı (1888), maliye bakanı (1894-1895) ve tarım, sanayi ve ticaret bakanı (1902) olarak görev yaptı. Şubat 1910'da Segismundo Moret hükûmetinin düşmesinden sonra başbakanlığa getirildi.[2] Monarşi döneminde liberal hükûmetler kurulduysa da, bazı konularda radikalizme yönelen demokratik bir tutum gösterdi.1906'da Vatikan'la gizli görüşmeler yapıldığını ortaya çıkarınca kiliseye karşı bir kampanya başlattı ve sonunda hükûmetin başına geçince antiklerikal bir yasa çıkardı. Fransızların 1910'da Fez'e girmeleri üzerine, 1911'de İspanyol birliklerine Larache, Alcazar ve Arcila'nın işgal edilmesini emretti. Ama 1912'de Fas'ın İspanyol Bölgesini daha da küçülten bir anlaşma yapmak zorunda kaldı. Dört Katalan ili için sınırlı bir özerklikten yararlanacak ortak bir yasama meclisi oluşturmasını öngören yasa önerisine önayak oldu; yasa ancak ölümünden sonra çıkarılabildi. İşçiler arasındaki kaynaşmayı bastırmak için aldığı sert önlemler ve cumhuriyetçiler arasında yarattığı hoşnutsuzluk, anarşist Manuel Pardiñas tarafından öldürülmesinde önemli rol oynadı.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ [cited in The Times 30 Mayıs 1902 "Latest intelligence - Spain". The Times (36781). Londra. 30 Mayıs 1902. s. 5.]
  2. ^ Professor J. C J. Metford: The Spanish Anarchist Movement, 1908-75, Mastermind Quiz Book, 1984

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