G-bantlama

G-bantlama veya Giemsa bantlama, görünür bir karyotip oluşturmak için yoğunlaştırılmış kromozomların boyandığı sitogenetikte kullanılan bir teknik. En yaygın kromozom bantlama metodudur.[1] Genetik bozuklukları (çoğunlukla kromozom anomalileri) tanımlamada elverişlidir.[2]

Metod

Metafaz aşamasındaki kromozomlar tripsin ile muamele edilir ve Giemsa boyasıyla işaretlenir. Adenin ve timin nükleotitleri (AT-zengini) bakımından zengin ancak gen açısından nispeten fakir olma eğiliminde olan heterokromatik bölgeler daha koyu görünür. Buna karşılık, guanin ve sitozin nükleotitleri (GC-içeriği) bakımından zengin ve ifade edilebilir genler bakımından daha aktif olma eğiliminde olan daha az yoğun kromatin bölgeler (Ökromatin) daha az giemsa boyası içerir ve bu bölgeler açık renkte şeritler halinde görünür.[3] Bant şeritleri, sentromerden telomere kadar kromozomun her iki kolunda da numaralandırılır. Bu numaralandırma sistemi, kromozom üzerindeki herhangi bir bandın kesin olarak tanımlanmasını sağlar.[4] G-bantlamanın tersi R-bantlamadır. Giemsa ile boyama, kromozomlara mor bir renk verir ancak mikrograflar, veri sunumunu kolaylaştırmak ve farklı laboratuvarlardan alınan sonuçların karşılaştırılmasını sağlamak için sıklıkla gri tonlamaya dönüştürülür.[5]

Kromozomlar ne kadar az yoğunlaşırsa, G-bandı oluştuğunda o kadar çok bant ortaya çıkar. Haliyle, farklı kromozomlar profaz aşamasında metafazda olduğundan daha belirgindir.[6]

  • G bantlama yöntemi için Giemsa boyası kullanılarak oluşturulmuş, bir erkeğe ait mikrograf.
    G bantlama yöntemi için Giemsa boyası kullanılarak oluşturulmuş, bir erkeğe ait mikrograf.
  • Sıralandıktan ve gri tonlama ile düzenlendikten sonraki görüntüsü.
    Sıralandıktan ve gri tonlama ile düzenlendikten sonraki görüntüsü.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Maloy, Stanley R.; Hughes, Kelly (2013). Brenner's encyclopedia of genetics. San Diego, CA. ISBN 978-0-08-096156-9. OCLC 836404630. 
  2. ^ Speicher, Michael R. and Nigel P. Carter. "The New Cytogenetics: Blurring the Boundaries with Molecular Biology." Nature Reviews Genetics, Vol 6. Oct 2005.
  3. ^ Romiguier J, Roux C (2017). "Analytical Biases Associated with GC-Content in Molecular Evolution". Front Genet. Cilt 8. s. 16. doi:10.3389/fgene.2017.00016. PMC 5309256 $2. PMID 28261263. 
  4. ^ Nussbaum, Robert; McInnes, Roderick; Willard, Huntington (2015). Thompson & Thompson, Genetics in Medicine. Eighth. Canada: Elsevier Inc. s. 58. ISBN 978-1-4377-0696-3. 
  5. ^ Lee M. Silver (1995). Mouse Genetics, Concepts and Applications. Chapter 5.2: KARYOTYPES, CHROMOSOMES, AND TRANSLOCATIONS. Oxford University Press. 27 Eylül 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 10 Ağustos 2024.  Revised August 2004, January 2008
  6. ^ Nussbaum, McInnes, Willard (21 Mayıs 2015). Genetics in Medicine. Elsevier. ss. 57-73. ISBN 978-1-4377-0696-3. 

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