Ay tedirginliği

Ana madde: Ay teorisi

Astronomide, Ay tedirginliği (İngilizce: Evection, Latince "dışarı taşımak" anlamında ēvectiō kelimesinden türetilmiştir), Ay'ın Dünya etrafındaki aylık dönüşü sırasında Güneş'in etkisiyle oluşan çok büyük bir düzensizliktir. Ay tedirginliği, eskiden Ay'ın ikinci anomalisi olarak adlandırılırdı ve antik çağlarda yaklaşık olarak biliniyordu. Bu keşif, Batlamyus'a atfedilir.[1] Ay tedirginliği terimi Evection ise çok daha yeni bir tarihte, 17. yüzyılda Fransız astronom ve matematikçi Bullialdus tarafından Ay'ın hareketine dair kendi teorisiyle bağlantılı olarak türetilmiştir.[2]

Ay tedirginliği, Ay'ın ekliptik boylamının yaklaşık ± 1,274° (derece) sapmasına neden olur ve bu sapmanın periyodu yaklaşık 31,8 gündür. Boylamdaki tedirginlik şu formülle ifade edilir: , bu formülde Ay'ın Güneş'e olan ortalama açısal uzaklığıdır ve Ay'ın yerberi noktasına olan ortalama açısal uzaklığıdır (ortalama anomali).[3]

Bu durum, Ay'ın yörüngesindeki dış merkezliğin yaklaşık altı aylık periyodik bir değişiminden ve Güneş'in etkisiyle Ay'ın yerberi konumundaki benzer periyotta gerçekleşen salınımdan kaynaklanır.[4][5]

Ay tedirginliği, Yeniay ve Dolunay evresinde Ay'ın merkez denklemini negatif yönde, çeyrek evrelerde ise pozitif yönde etkiler. Bu, merkez denklemindeki ana terim ile bu tedirginliğin kombinasyonundan görülebilir:

Yeniay ve Dolunay evrelerinde, D=0° veya 180° olduğunda, 2D her iki durumda da etkin bir şekilde sıfır olur ve birleşik ifade şu şekilde sadeleşir:

İlk ve son dördün evrelerinde, D=90° veya 270° olduğunda, 2D her iki durumda da etkin bir şekilde 180° olur ve bu da, Ay tedirginliği ifadesinin işaretini değiştirir, böylece birleşik ifade şu şekilde sadeleşir:

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Neugebauer, N. (6 Aralık 2012). A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9783642619106. 
  2. ^ Taton, R.; Wilson, C. (12 Ekim 1989). Planetary Astronomy from the Renaissance to the Rise of Astrophysics, Part A, Tycho Brahe to Newton. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521242547. 
  3. ^ Brown, Ernest W.; Hedrick, Henry Benjamin (1919). Tables of the motion of the moon. 4. New Haven, Yale University Press. 
  4. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica 11. basım (1911), cilt X, s. 5.
  5. ^ Godfray, Hugh (1859). An Elementary Treatise on the Lunar Theory: With a Brief Sketch of the History of the Problem Up to the Time of Newton. Macmillan. 

Bibliyografya

  • Brown, E.W. An Introductory Treatise on the Lunar Theory. Cambridge University Press, 1896 (republished by Dover, 1960).
  • Brown, E.W. Tables of the Motion of the Moon. Yale University Press, New Haven CT, 1919, at pp. 1–28.
  • H Godfray, An Elementary Treatise on the Lunar Theory, (London, 1871, 3rd ed.).
  • O Neugebauer, A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy (Springer, 1975), vol. 1, at pp. 84–85.
  • R Taton & C Wilson (eds.), Planetary astronomy from the Renaissance to the rise of astrophysics, part A: Tycho Brahe to Newton, (Cambridge University Press, 1989), at pp. 194–195.

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