Jeremy Bentham

Jeremy Bentham
Ipinanganak15 Pebrero 1748(1748-02-15)
London, England
Namatay6 Hunyo 1832(1832-06-06) (edad 84)
London, England
Panahon18th century
19th century
Eskwela ng pilosopiyaUtilitarianism, legal positivism, liberalism
Mga pangunahing interesPolitical philosophy, philosophy of law, ethics, economics
Mga kilalang ideyaGreatest happiness principle
Lagda

Si Jeremy Bentham ( /ˈbɛnθəm/; 15 Pebrero 1748 OS – 6 Hunyo 1832) ay isang British na pilosopo, hurista, at repormer ng lipunan. Siya ay itinuturing na tagapagtatag ng modernong utilitarianismo. Siya ay naging isang pangunahing teorista ng Anglo-Amerikanong pilosopiya ng batas at isang radikal na pampolitika na ang mga ideya ay nakaimpluwensiya sa pagunlad ng welfarismo. Kanyang itinaguyod ang kalayaang indibidwal at ekonomika, ang paghihiwalay ng simbahan at estado, ang kalayaan ng paghahayag, pantay na karapatan para sa mga kababaihan, ang karapatan sa diborsiyo at pagaalis ng kriminalisasyon ng mga aktong homosekswal.[1] Kanyang itinaguyod ang pagbuwag ng pang-aalipin, ang pagbuwag ng parusang kamatayan at pagbuwag ng parusang pisikal kabilang sa mga bata.[2] Siya ay nakilala rin bilang maagang tagapagtaguyod ng karapatan ng mga hayop.[3] Bagaman malakas siyang pumabor sa pagpapalawig ng mga karapatang pambatas ng indibidwal, kanyang sinalungat ang ideya ng natural na batas at mga natural na karapatan.[4]

Mga kontribusyon

Utilitaryanismo

Si Bentham ay isa sa mga kauna-unahang bumuo ng teoryang sistema ng utilitaryanismo. Mayroon itong dalawang tampok. Una, sinabi ni Bentham na kailangan nating ipagkumpara ang magiging resulta ng ating mga aksyon para malaman natin kung tama ba o mali ang ating mga gagawin. Ang aspetong ito ay mas kilala bilang act-utilitarianism. Pangalawa, kailangan din nating ikonsidera ang mga kasiyahan gayundin sa mga paghihirap na magiging resulta ng ating mga aksyon. Ito rin ay kilala bilang hedonistic utilitarianism.[5] Sa kasalukuyan, si Bentham ay kilala bilang Ama ng Makabagong Utilitaryanismo.[6]

Mga sanggunian

  1. Bentham, Jeremy. "Offences Against One's Self", first published in Journal of Homosexuality, v.3:4(1978), p. 389–405; continued in v.4:1(1978).
    • Also see Boralevi, Lea Campos. Bentham and the Oppressed. Walter de Gruyter, 1984, p. 37.
  2. Bedau, Hugo Adam (1983). "Bentham's Utilitarian Critique of the Death Penalty". The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 74 (3): 1033–1065. doi:10.2307/1143143. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (tulong)
  3. Sunstein, Cass R. "Introduction: What are Animal Rights?", in Sunstein, Cass R. and Nussbaum, Martha (eds.). Animal rights. Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 3–4.
  4. Harrison, Ross (1995). "Jeremy Bentham". Sa Honderich, Ted (pat.). The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford University Press. pp. 85–88. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (tulong); |archive-url= requires |url= (tulong); External link in |chapterurl= (tulong); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (tulong)
    • Also see Sweet, William (11 Abril 2001). "Jeremy Bentham". The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  5. Aliza Racelis (2020), Business Ethics and Social Responsibility, REX Book Store, Inc., p. 63–64
  6. Burke, T. Patrick (2008). "Bentham, Jeremy (1748–1832)". Sa Hamowy, Ronald (pat.). Nozick, Robert (1938–2002). The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Cato Institute. pp. 30–31. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n220. ISBN 978-1412965804. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024.

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