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Арнолд Шенберг
Арнолд Шенберг
	Шенберг у Лос Анђелесу 1948.
Лични подаци
Датум рођења	13. септембар 1874.
Место рођења	Беч, Аустроугарска
Датум смрти	13. јул 1951. (76 год.)
Место смрти	Лос Анђелес, САД

Арнолд Шенберг (нем. Arnold Schönberg; Беч, 13. септембар 1874 — Лос Анђелес, 13. јул 1951) био је аустријски композитор, теоретичар музике, професор, сликар и писац јеврејског порекла. Арнолд Шенберг је рођен у јеврејској породици ниже средње класе, у Леополдштат округу у Бечу. Његов отац Самуило, родом из Братиславе био је трговац. Иако је његова мајка Паулин, родом из Прага, била учитељица клавира, Арнолд је био углавном самоук. Он је само узимао часове из контрапункта од композитора Александра фон Землинског.^[1]Од 1933. живео је у САД. Своје презиме записивао је нем. Schönberg све до селидбе у Сједињене Америчке Државе када се демонстративно вратио јеврејској вери и почео користити име енгл. Schoenberg, „из поштовања према америчкој пракси“.^[2]^[3]^[4] Његови први радови представљају наставак традиције супротстављених немачких романтичарских стилова Брамса и Вагнера, док касније почиње да уводи све више атоналност у виду додекафонске технике компоновања која подразумева употребу тонских низова.

Био је близак експресионистичком покрету у немачкој поезији и уметности, и вођа Друге бечке школе у музици. У музику је увео естетику атоналности и хроматску лествицу са 12 степени (додекафонија). Увео је израз „развојна варијација“, а био је и први модерни композитор који је увео развој мотива без обазирања на доминацију једне музичке теме. Многи његови поступци, укључујући формализацију композиционе методе, као и отворено позивање публике на аналитичко размишљање, одјекују у авангардној музичкој пракси кроз цели 20-ти век.

Шенберг је био важан музички теоретичар и утицајни професор композиције, а његови ученици били су Албан Берг, Антон Веберн, Ханс Аислер, Егон Велесц, а касније Џон Кејџ, Лу Харисон, Ерл Ким, Леон Киршнер, и други истакнути музичари.

Списак дела

Извори

^ Beaumont 2000, 87
^ Foss 1951, 401
^ Berg 2013.
^ Anon. 2008.

Литература

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{{wikicite|ref=CITEREFStarr1997|reference=Starr. 1997.
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Спољашње везе

Арнолд Шенберг на сајту Енциклопедија Британика
Arnold Schoenberg Center in Vienna
Complete Schoenberg Discography & List of Works
Texts of vocal works by Schoenberg with translations in various languages at The LiederNet Archive.
"How Arnold Schoenberg Became Lonely: Imagination versus Reality", Sabine Feisst
Арнолд Шенберг (бесплатне песме за субјекат) на сајту IMSLP (језик: енглески)
„Schoenberg material”. BBC Radio 3 archives.
Archival records: Arnold Schoenberg collection, 1900–1951, Library of Congress

Снимци Шенгерга

Recordings at archive.org
Video and audio Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (27. мај 2011), Israel Studies in Musicology, vol. 5, issue 1 (2006), Bar-Ilan University

[1] Beaumont 2000, 87

[2] Foss 1951, 401

[FOOTNOTEBerg2013-3] Berg 2013.

[FOOTNOTEAnon.2008-4] Anon. 2008.

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