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Јован Дунс Скот
Јован Дунс Скот
	Дунс Скот
Лични подаци
Датум рођења	1265.
Место рођења	Duns,
Датум смрти	8. децембар 1308.
Место смрти	Келн,
Образовање	Универзитет у Оксфорду, Merton College
Филозофски рад
Школа филозофије	Scholasticism; Scotism; Aristotelianism; Theological voluntarism; Philosophical realism; Medieval realism (Scotistic realism)
Утицаји од	Aristotle, Avicenna, Augustine of Hippo, Anselm of Canterbury,
Утицао на	Antonius Andreas, Henry Harclay, Thomas Wilton,

Јован Дунс Скот (енгл. Duns Scotus; око 1266 — 8. децембар 1308)^[9] је био католички теолог, филозоф и логичар. Био је један од најутицајнијих теолога и филозофа високог средњег века, па му је, због проницљивог духа, наденут и латински надимак Doctor subtilis.^[10]

Биографија

Није сасвим јасно где је рођен. Неки држе да је рођен у Дунсу у Шкотској, док други мисле да је рођен у Ирској. Ступио је у фрањевачки ред, те је 1291. у Нортхамптону, у Енглеској заређен за свештеника, а студирао је и поучавао у Паризу (1293–1297) и Оксфорду, а можда и у Кембриџу. Био је протеран с Париског универзитета, јер је стао на страну папе Бонифација VIII, а против француског краља Филип IV. На концу је 1307. дошао у Келн у Немачкој.

Био је један од највећих фрањевачких теолога и утемељитељ посебног правца унутар сколастике, који ће бити назван »скотизам«. Потицао је из »Старе фрањевачке школе« којој су припадали Александар Халешки (умро 1245), Бонавентура (умро 1274), Јован Пекам (умро 1292) и други. Називали су га Doctor subtilis, јер је био изразито вешт у мирењу различитих погледа на неку ствар.

Умро је у Келну, а покопан је у фрањевачкој цркви у том граду. На саркофагу му на латинском пише: »Scotia me genuit. Anglia me suscepit. Gallia me docuit. Colonia me tenet.« - Шкотска (Ирска се до 13. стољећа називала и Шкотском) ме родила. Енглеска ме прихватила. Француска ме учила. Келн ме држи.

У Келну се столећима поштује као блаженик, а папа Јован Павле II проширио је 20. марта 1993. његово штовање на целу Цркву.

Филозофија

Дунс Скот био је филозоф хришћанске сколастике. Он је проучавао метафизику и бавио се категоријама као што су постојање, биће и друго. Он је такође заступао принцип индивидуације (нпр. људи су различити међусобно). Што се тиче проблема универзалија он је био реалиста.

Види још

Библиографија

Ради грубим хронолошким редом

Пре 1295:
- Parva logicalia
  - Quaestiones super Porphyrii Isagogem
  - Quaestiones in librum Praedicamentorum
  - Quaestiones in I et II librum Perihermeneias
  - Octo quaestiones in duos libros Perihermeneias
  - Quaestiones in libros Elenchorum
Quaestiones super libros De anima (1295–1298?)
Quaestiones super libros Metaphysicorum Aristotelis (1298–1300?; ревидирано касније)
Notabilia Scoti super Metaphysicam (a set of notes concerning books II–X and XII of Aristotle's Metaphysics, отривено тек 1996^[11])
Lectura (Early Oxford Lectures on the four books of the Sentences of Peter Lombard)
- Books 1 and 2 (1300–1301)
- Book 3 (Вероватно написано у Паризу, 1303–04)
- Book 4 (није сачувана)
Ordinatio or Opus Oxoniense (Oxford Lectures: a revision of the lectures given at Oxford, books 1 and 2 summer 1300–1302, books 3 and 4, 1303–1304)
Collationes oxonienses (1303–04 or 1305–08)
Collationes parisienses (1302–07)
Reportatio parisiensis (Paris Lectures, 1302–07)
Quaestiones Quodlibetales (edited by Felix Alluntis in Obras del Doctor Sutil, Juan Duns Escoto, Madrid, Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 1963)
Tractatus de Primo Principio (Treatise on the First Principle) English Translation
Theoremata

Дубиозни радови

Theoremata

Лажни радови

De Rerum Principio (Of the Beginning of Things).

Латинска издања

OPERA OMNIA. (Wadding Edition, so-called after its editor Luke Wadding) Lyon, 1639; reprinted Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1968.
OPERA OMNIA. (Vatican Edition = VE) Civitas Vaticana: Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1950–.
- ORDINATIO (complete critical edition)
- I, De Ordinatione Ioannis Duns Scoti disquisitio historico critica. Prologus totius operis, 1950.
- II, Ordinatio. Liber Primus. Distinctiones 1–2, 1950.
- III, Ordinatio. Liber Primus. Distinctio 3, 1954.
- IV, Ordinatio. Liber Primus. Distinctiones 4–10, 1956.
- V, Ordinatio. Liber Primus. Distinctiones 11–25, 1959.
- VI, Ordinatio. Liber Primus. Distinctiones 26–48, 1963.
- VII, Ordinatio. Liber Secundus. Distinctiones 1–3, 1973.
- VIII, Ordinatio. Liber Secundus. Distinctiones 4–44, 2001.
- IX, Ordinatio. Liber Tertius. Distinctiones 1–17, 2006.
- X, Ordinatio. Liber Tertius. Distinctiones 26–40, 2007.
- XI, Ordinatio. Liber Quartus. Distinctiones 1–7, 2008.
- XII, Ordinatio. Liber Quartus. Distinctiones 8–13, 2010.
- XIII, Ordinatio. Liber Quartus, Distinctiones 14–42, 2011.
- XIV, Ordinatio. Liber Quartus, Distinctiones 43–49, 2013.
- LECTURA
- XVI, Lectura in Librum Primum Sententiarum. Prologus et Distinctiones 1–7, 1960.
- XVII, Lectura in Librum Primum Sententiarum. Distinctiones 8–45, 1966.
- XVIII, Lectura in Librum Secundum Sententiarum. Distinctiones 1–6, 1982.
- XIX, Lectura in Librum Secundum Sententiarum. Distinctiones 7–44, 1993.
- XX, Lectura in Librum Tertium Sententiarum. Distinctiones 1–17, 2003.
- XXI, Lectura in Librum Tertium Sententiarum. Distinctiones 18–40, 2004.
OPERA PHILOSOPHICA (= OP). St. Bonaventure, NY: The Franciscan Institute:, 1997–2006:
- Vol. I: Quaestiones super Porphyrius Isagoge et Aristoteles Categoriae, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1999. ISBN 978-1-57659-121-5
- Vol. II: Quaestiones super Peri hermeneias et Sophistici Elenchis (along with) Theoremata, Franciscan Institute Publications, 2004, ISBN 978-1-57659-122-2.
- Vol. III-IV: Quaestiones super libros Metaphysicorum Aristotelis Franciscan Institute Publications, 2004. ISBN 978-1-57659-124-6.
- Vol. V: Quaestiones super Secundum et Tertium de Anima. Franciscan Institute Publications, 2006. ISBN 978-0-8132-1422-1.
The Examined Report of the Paris Lecture, Reportatio I-A, Volume 1, edited and translated by Allan B. Wolter, OFM and Oleg Bychkov. Franciscan Institute Publications, 2004 ISBN 978-1-57659-193-2
The Examined Report of the Paris Lecture, Reportatio I-A, Volume 2, edited and translated by Allan B. Wolter, OFM and Oleg Bychkov. Franciscan Institute Publications, 2008. ISBN 978-1-57659-150-5

Преводи на енглески

John Duns Scotus, A Treatise on God as First Principle. Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press 1982. A Latin text and English translation of the De Primo Principio. Second edition, revised, with a commentary by Allan Wolter, (First edition 1966).
John Duns Scotus, God and Creatures. The Quodlibetal Questions, Translated by Wolter, Allan B., OFM, and Felix Alluntis, Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 1975.
Duns Scotus on the Will and Morality, Translated by Wolter, Allan B., OFM, Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 1986.
Duns Scotus: Philosophical Writings, Translated by Wolter, Allan B., OFM, Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1987.
Duns Scotus' Parisian Proof for the Existence of God, edited By Allan B. Wolter and Marilyn McCord Adams, Franciscan Studies 42, 1982, pp. 248–321. (Latin text and English translation).
John Duns Scotus, Contingency and Freedom. Lectura I 39, translation, commentary and introduction by A. Vos Jaczn, H. Veldhuis, A.H. Looman-Graaskamp, E. Dekker and N.W. den Bok. The New Synthese Historical Library 4. Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer, 1994.
Questions on the Metaphysics of Aristotle by John Duns Scotus, Translated by Etzkorn, Girard J., and Allan B. Wolter, OFM, St. Bonaventure, NY: The Franciscan Institute, 1997–1998.
John Duns Scotus. Four Questions on Mary, Introduction with Latin text and English translation and notes by Allan B. Wolter, OFM, Franciscan Institute Publications, 2000.
John Duns Scotus. A Treatise on Potency and Act. Questions on the Metaphysics of Aristotle Book IX, Introduction with Latin text and English translation and notes by Allan B. Wolter, OFM, Franciscan Institute Publications, 2000.
John Duns Scotus. Political and Economic Philosophy, Introduction with Latin text and English translation and notes by Allan B. Wolter, OFM, Franciscan Institute Publications, 2001.
Duns Scotus on Divine Love: Texts and Commentary on Goodness and Freedom, God and Humans, translated by A. Vos, H. Veldhuis, E. Dekker, N.W. den Bok and A.J. Beck (ed.). Aldershot: Ashgate 2003.
John Duns Scotus. Early Oxford Lecture on Individuation, Introduction with Latin text and English translation and notes by Allan B. Wolter, OFM, Franciscan Institute Publications, 2005.
John Duns Scotus. Questions on Aristotle's Categories, Translated by Lloyd A. Newton, Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2014.
Duns Scotus on Time and Existence: The Questions on Aristotle's "De interpretatione", Translated with Introduction and Commentary by Edward Buckner and Jack Zupko, Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2014.

Референце

^ Williams, Thomas (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Duns Scotus. Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 2.
^ He has long been claimed as a Merton alumnus, but there is no contemporary evidence to support this claim and as a Franciscan, he would have been ineligible for fellowships at Merton (see Martin, G. H. & Highfield, J. R. L. (1997). A History of Merton College. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 53).
^ Cross, Richard (2014). Duns Scotus's Theory of Cognition. Oxford University Press. стр. 18. ISBN 9780199684885. „Scotus is a good Aristotelian, in the sense that he believes that cognition always has an empirical starting point”
^ Walker, L. (1912). Voluntarism. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved September 27, 2019 from New Advent.
^ The Sheed & Ward Anthology of Catholic Philosophy. Rowman & Littlefield. 2005. ISBN 9780742531987.
^ „Anselm of Canterbury (1033–1109)”, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2006, Приступљено 10. 11. 2017
^ Anthony Kenny, Wyclif in His Times, Oxford UP, 1986, p. 35 n. 13.
^ Harjeet Singh Gill, Signification in language and culture, Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 2002, p. 109.
^ Williams, Thomas (2019), „John Duns Scotus”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
^ Spade, Paul Vincent (2018), „Medieval Philosophy”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, „Histories of medieval philosophy often treat Thomas Aquinas (1224/25–74), John Duns Scotus (c. 1265–1308), and William of Ockham (c. 1287–1347) as the “big three” figures in the later medieval period; a few add Bonaventure (1221–74) as a fourth.”
^ Giorgio Pini, "Duns Scotus' Literal Commentary on the "Metaphysics" and the "Notabilia Scoti super Metaphysicam" (Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, C 62 Sup, ff. 51r–98r)", Bulletin de philosophie médiévale, 38 (1996), 141–142.

Литература

Bos, Egbert P. (1998). John Duns Scotus: Renewal of Philosophy. Acts of the Third Symposium organized by the Dutch Society for Medieval Philosophy Medium Aevum. Amsterdam: Rodopi. ISBN 978-90-420-0081-0.
Cross, Richard (ed.), The Opera Theologica of John Duns Scotus. Proceedings of "The Quadruple Congress" on John Duns Scotus, Part 2. Archa Verbi. Subsidia 4, Franciscan Institute Publications, 2012, ISBN 978-3-402-10214-5.
Cross, Richard (2014). Duns Scotus's Theory of Cognition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-968488-5.
Frank, William A.; Wolter, Allan B. (1995). Duns Scotus, Metaphysician. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press. ISBN 978-1-55753-072-1.
Gracia, Jorge J. E.; Noone, Timothy B. (2003). A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Blackwell Pub. ISBN 978-0-631-21672-8.
Grenz, Stanley (2005). The Named God and the Question of Being: A Trinitarian Theo-ontology. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-22204-8.
Honderich, Ted (1995). „Duns Scotus”. The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-866132-0.
Honnefelder Ludger, Möhle Hannes, Speer Andreas, Kobusch Theo, Bullido del Barrio Susana (eds.), Johannes Duns Scotus 1308-2008: Die philosophischen Perspektiven seines Werkes/Investigations into his Philosophy. Proceedings of "The Quadruple Congress" on John Duns Scotus, Part 3. Archa Verbi. Subsidia 5, Franciscan Institute Publications, 2011,ISBN 978-3-402-10215-2.
Horan, Daniel P. OFM, Postmodernity and Univocity - A Critical Account of Radical Orthodoxy and John Duns Scotus, Fortress press, 2014.
Ingham, Mary Beth CSJ, and Bychkof, OLef (eds.), John Duns Scotus, Philosopher. Proceedings of "The Quadruple Congress" on John Duns Scotus, Part 1. Archa Verbi. Subsidia 3, Franciscan Institute Publications, 2010, ISBN 978-3-402-10213-8.
Ingham, Mary Beth CSJ, Scotus for Dunces: An Introduction to the Subtle Doctor, Franciscan Institute Publications, 2003.
Ingham, Mary Beth CSJ, The Harmony of Goodness: Mutuality and Moral Living According to John Duns Scotus, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1997.
Kretzmann, Norman; Kenny, Anthony; Pinborg, Jan; Stump, Eleonore (1982). The Cambridge History of Later Medieval Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-36933-6.
Shannon, Thomas The Ethical Theory of John Duns Scotus, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1995.
Vos, Antonie (2006). The Philosophy of John Duns Scotus. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2462-1.
Williams, Thomas (2002). The Cambridge Companion to Duns Scotus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-63563-9.
Wolter, Allan B. OFM and O'Neil, Blane OFM, John Duns Scotus: Mary's Architect, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1993.
Wolter, Allan B. OFM, The Philosophical Theology of John Duns Scotus, IUthaca, Cornell University Press, 1990.
Wolter, Allan B. OFM, Scotus and Ockham. Selected Essays, Franciscan Institute Publications, 2003.
Woo, B. Hoon (2016). „The Difference between Scotus and Turretin in Their Formulation of the Doctrine of Freedom”. Westminster Theological Journal. 78: 249—69.