Базилиск (топ)

Малтешки базилиск изложен у лондонској Кули (слика из 2012).

Базилиск (енгл. Basilisk), врста тешког артиљеријског оруђа глатке цеви коришћена у касном средњем веку.[1]

Карактеристике

Митолошки базилиск је био змија чији је сам поглед био смртоносан. У Шпанији, под базилиском су сматрани топови великог калибра,[а] који су избацивали пројектиле теже од 80 фунти. Топови овог типа, ливени од бронзе, били су изузетно масивни и тешки, са зидовима дебљине до 4 калибра и отвором дужине до 30 калибара. У пракси, тако огромна оруђа су била од мале користи, осим у сталним утврђењима. Била је потребна огромна посада да их помери, лафети су се лако ломили под њиховом тежином и трошили су огромне количине муниције. Европљани су га ретко користили, али су Османлије користиле пар базилиска у опсади Малте 1565. године, који су испаљивали кугле од 150 и 200 фунти. Топ од 200 фунти се откачио док је био укрцаван у галију за повратак кући и трајно је потонуо на дно мора. Његов парњак је остављен на острву, где је постао туристичка атракција у 19. веку.[1]

Напомене

  1. ^ Калибар глаткоцевне артиљерије не изражава се ширином отвора цеви у милиметрима, већ масом избаченог пројектила у фунтама.

Извори

  1. ^ а б Manucy, Albert (1949). Artillery Through the Ages: A Short Illustrated History of Cannon, Emphasizing Types Used in America. Clemson University Libraries. стр. 36—37. 

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