Ivan Mazepa

Ivan Mazepa
Іван Мазепа
Portret
Hetman Zaporoške vojske
Na položaju
25. julij 1687 – 11. november 1708
PredhodnikIvan Samojlovič
NaslednikIvan Skoropadski
Pilip Orlik (hetman v izgnanstvu)
Osebni podatki
Rojstvo20. marec 1639({{padleft:1639|4|0}}-{{padleft:3|2|0}}-{{padleft:20|2|0}})[1]
Mazepintsi[d]
Smrt21. september 1709({{padleft:1709|4|0}}-{{padleft:9|2|0}}-{{padleft:21|2|0}}) (70 let)
Bender[2]
ZakonciHana Polovec (1642–1704)
Poklicdiplomat, politik, poveljnik vojske
Verska opredelitev
vzhodna pravoslavna (leta 1708 izobčen iz Ruske pravoslavne cerkve)
Podpis

Ivan Stepanovič Mazepa (ukrajinsko in rusko Іван Степанович Мазепа, Ivan Stepanovič Mazepa, poljsko Jan Mazepa Kołodyński)[3] je bil od leta 1687 do 1708 hetman zaporoškega Kozaškega hetmanata, * 30. marec 1639, Bila Cerkva, Republika obeh narodov, † 3. oktober 1709, Bender, Kneževina Moldavija.

Trdi se, da so mu leta 1707 za prizadevanja za Sveto ligo podelili naziv "princ Svetega rimskega cesarstva".[4] Zgodovinski dogodki iz Mazepovega življenja so navdihnili številna literarna, umetniška in glasbena dela.

Mazepa je slovel kot pokrovitelj umetnosti in igral pomembno vlogo v bitki pri Poltavi (1709). Ko je pred bitko izvedel, da ga namerava car Peter I. odstaviti s položaja hetmana Zaporoške vojske in na njegovo mesto imenovati Aleksandra Menšikova, je dezertiral in s svojo vojsko prestopil na stran švedskega kralja Karla XII. Njegov prestop je imel velike politične posledice in različne interpretacije v nacionalnih zgodovinah Rusije in Ukrajine.

Ruska pravoslavna cerkev ga je leta 1708 izobčila in izobčenja do zdaj še ni preklicala. Protiruski elementi v Ukrajini v 18. stoletju in kasneje so se poniževalno imenovali mazepinci ali mazepisti.[5][6] Odtujevanje Mazepe iz ukrajinskega zgodovinopisja se je nadaljevalo tudi v sovjetskem obdobju, po letu 1991 pa se je v neodvisni Ukrajini je začelo močno gibanje za njegovo rehabilitacijo, čeprav ostaja kontroverzna osebnost.

Sklici

  1. ↑ SNAC — 2010.
  2. ↑ Мазепа, Иван Степанович // Энциклопедический словарь Гранат — 7 — Александр Наумович Гранат, 1910.
  3. ↑ Katchanovski, Ivan; Kohut, Zenon Eugene; Nebesio, Bohdan Y.; Yurkevich, Myroslav (2013). Historical Dictionary of Ukraine. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0810878457.
  4. ↑ Nataliya Tsirka. ПРО МАЗЕПУ У ВІДНІ (O Mazepi na Dunaju). Dunaj. 2007.
  5. ↑ Magocsi, Paul Robert (1996). History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples (2 ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press (published 2010). ISBN 9781442698796. Pridobljeno 21. marca 2017.
  6. ↑ Lew, Khristina (28. januar 1996). "Ukraine's Navy, despite difficulties, forges ahead with media center" (PDF). The Ukrainian Weekly. 4. 64. Jersey City, New Jersey: Ukrainian National Association Inc. str. 2. ISSN 0273-9348. Pridobljeno 21. marca 2017.

Viri

  • Mykhailo Hrushevsky. Illustrated history of Ukraine. "BAO". Donetsk, 2003. ISBN 966-548-571-7
  • Orest Subtelny, The Mazepists: Ukrainian Separatism in the Early Eighteenth Century (1981).
  • Thomas M. Prymak, "Voltaire on Mazepa and Early Eighteenth Century Ukraine," Canadian Journal of History, XLVII, 2 (2012), 259–83.
  • Thomas M. Prymak, "The Cossack Hetman: Ivan Mazepa in History and Legend from Peter to Pushkin," The Historian, LXXVI, 2 (2014), 237–77.

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