Cinabarit

Cinabarit
Cinabarit na dolomitu
Splošno
KategorijaII. razred - Sulfidi
Kemijska formulaŽivosrebrov(II) sulfid, HgS
Kristalna simetrijaTrigonalna 3 2
Osnovna celicaa = 4,145(2) Å, c = 9,496(2) Å, Z=3
Lastnosti
BarvaŠkrlatno rdeča, do rjavo rdeča in svinčeno siva
Kristalni habitRomboedričen do ploščat. Zrnat do masiven, v inkrustacijah
Kristalni sistemTrigonalni – trapezoedrični
DvojčičenjeEnostavno zraščeni dvojčki, ravnina dvojčičenja {0001}
RazkolnostPrizmatična, popolna, po ravnini {1010}
LomNeraven do podškoljkast
ŽilavostRahlo drobljiv
Trdota2-2,5
SijajDiamanten, kovinski ali moten
Barva črteŠkrlatna
ProzornostV tankih kosih prozoren
Specifična teža8,176
Optične lastnostiEnoosen (+)
Lomni količniknω = 2,905 nε = 3,256
Dvolomnostδ = 0,351
Topnost1,04 x 10-25 g/100 ml vode (Ksp pri 25 °C = 2 x 10-32)[1]
Sklici[2][3][4]

Cinabarít (grško kinnabari - rumenica), pogosto imenovan tudi živorebrna svetlica, je mineral živosrebrnega sulfida in spada v 2. razred med sulfide, po klasifikaciji H. Strunza.

Je eden najlepših mineralov, ki ga najdemo tudi v obliki kristalov.

Sestava minerala

Mineral cinabarit vsebuje 86,2% živega srebra in 13,8 % žvepla.

Nahajališča

Zelo znano nahajališče v Sloveniji je idrijski rudniku, kjer se pojavlja v različno starih kamninah, od karbonskih in permskih do spodnje- in srednjetriasnih. Po odkritju živega srebra so najprej rudarili v slabo orudenem karbonskem skrilavem glinavcu; 22. junija 1508, na dan sv. Ahaca, pa so v jašku ob Nikovi odkrili v globini 42m bogato cinabaritno rudo, ki so jo izkoriščali vse do današnjih dni. Obstajajo še druga nahajališča, kot so npr. Knapovže, Litija, Sv. Ana v Podljubelju ter Sv. Tomaž nad Praprotnim (severozahodno od Škofje Loke). Cinabarit v omenjenih nahajališčih ne dosega idrijskega niti po kakovosti nit po lepoti.

Na svetu je najpomembnejše nahajališče rudnik Almaden v Španiji. Druga pomembna nahajališča so v Italiji (Monte Amiata), Nemčiji (Obermoschel), Ukrajini (Donjecki bazen in Nikitovka), Kazahstanu (okolica Taškenta), ZDA (Cahill Mine v Nevadi, New Almaden in New Idria v Kaliforniji), Mehiki (Palomas), Peruju (Huancavelica) in Kitajski (Hunan in Kvejčov).

Uporaba

Cinabarit

Cinabarit je najpomembnejša živosrebrova ruda, v preteklosti pa so ga uporabljali tudi za pigment, imenovan vermillion.

Iz cinabarita pridobljen živordeč pigment poznamo tudi pod bolj domačim imenom cinober.

Sklici

  1. ↑ Meyers, J.. Chem. Ed. 63: str. 689. 1986.
  2. ↑ Mineral Handbook
  3. ↑ Mindat
  4. ↑ Webmineral

Literatura

  • Vidrih R.; Mikuž V. (1995). Minerali na Slovenskem, 1. izdaja. Ljubljana: Tehniška založba Slovenije. str. 379. COBISS 53037312. ISBN 86-365-0184-9.
  • Križnar M. (2017): Cinabarit pri Svetem Tomažu ponovno odkrit po 160 letih. Loški Razgledi, št. 64, str. 225-234.

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