Uranofan

Uranofan
Uranofan iz rudnika Rössing, Erongo, Namibija
Splošno
KategorijaVIII. razred - Silikati,
podrazred: otočni silikati
Kemijska formulaCa[UO2 | SiO3OH]2 • 5H2O
Strunzova klasifikacija09.AK.15
Klasifikacija DANA53.03.01.02
Kristalna simetrijaMonoklinska sfenoidna (2),
prostorska skupina P 21
Osnovna celicaa = 15,87 Å, b = 7,05 Å,
c = 6,66 Å, Z = 3,
β = 97,25°, V = 739,19 Å3
Lastnosti
Molekulska masa586,36 g/mol
BarvaRumena, rumeno rjava, rumeno zelena, runemo oranžna, svetlo rumena
Kristalni habitPrsten, masiven, vlaknat, žarkasti kristali, ki rastejo iz središča
Kristalni sistemMonoklinski
RazkolnostPopolna po {100}
LomNeraven
ŽilavostKrhek
Trdota2,5
SijajSteklast, na razkolih bisern, včasih tudi voščen do moten
Barva črteRumenkasto bela
ProzornostProzoren do polprozoren
Gostota3,81 - 3,90 g/cm3,
izračunana: 3,95 g/cm3
Optične lastnostiDvoosen (-)
Lomni količniknα = 1,643,
nβ = 1,666,
nγ = 1,669
Dvolomnostδ = 0,0260
PleohroizemBrez
Kot 2VIzračunan: 38º,
izmerjen: 32º - 45º
DisperzijaRelativno močna
Ultravijolična fluorescencaŠibka, rumeno zelena
TopnostTopen v kislinah
RadioaktivnostZelo močna, večja od 70 kBq/g
Sklici[1][2][3]
Glavne vrste
Druga imenaUranofan alfa, uranotil

Uranofan, uranofan alfa ali uranotil je redek kalcijev uranov silikat hidrat s kemijsko formulo Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 • 5H2O, ki je nastal s preperevanjem uranovih primarnih mineralov. Mineral je rumeno do rjavo obravan in radioaktiven. Kristalizira v monoklinskem kristalnem sistemu.[1] Kristali so lahko igličasti in dolgi do priblžno 1 cm, lahko pa je tudi zrnat do masiven ali skorjast.

Posebnosti

Mineral vsebuje do 40,6% urana in je zato zelo radioaktiven. Njegova aktivnost je približno 72,7 kBq/g.[3] Naravni kalij na primer ima aktivnost samo 31 Bq/g.

Uranofan ni fluorescenten, nekateri primerki pa v UV svetlobi kljub temu včasih šibko zeleno fluorescirajo. V kislinah ni obstojen.

Odkritje in poimenovanje

Uranofa je leta 1853 v rudniku Miedzianka v Gornji Šleziji (Poljska) odkril in opisal M. Websky.[4] Njegovo ime je sestavljeno iz besed uran in grške besede φαίνω [fanos], ki pomeni pokazati se ali zdeti se. Ime torej pomeni, da je nekakšen navidezni uran.

Različki

Spojina Ca[UO2|SiO3OH]2 • 5H2O je dimorf z uranofanom beta, ki prav tako kristalizira v monoklinskem kristalnem sistemu, ampak v drugi prostorski skupini.

Nahajališča

Skupek iglic uranofana na kalcitu

Uranofan je eden od najpogostejših uranovih silikatov. Kot tipičen sekundarni mineral, ki je nastal s preperevanjem uranitita, se pojavlja v ležiščih urana in pegmatitih. Spremljajoči minerali so polega uranofana beta še kazolit, avtunit in metaavtunit, fosfuranilit, torbernit in razni uranovi oksidi ter kalcit, malahit, almandin in muskovit.[5]

Leta 2010 je bilo poznanih več kot 700 nahajališč uranofana. Najpomembnejša svetovna nahajališča so v Kongu, Katangi, ZDA in Kanadi. Najbolj znana nahajališča v Evropi so v Italiji (Como in Trentino), Franciji (Les Bois Noires, Auvernier), Nemčiji (Wōlsendorf, Bavarska) in Češki (Jáchymov).

V Sloveniji so nahajališča uranofana na severnem obrobju Polhograjskega hribovja med Polhovcem in Valterskim vrhom[6]

Najlepše kristale uranofana velikosti do 1 cm so našli v rudniku Musonoi v kongoški pokrajini Katangi, žarkaste kristalne skupke pa v rudniku Madawaska v Kanadi.

Uporaba

Uranofan je ena od uranovih rud.

Ravnanje

Pri ravnanju z radioaktivnim uranofanom je treba uporabljati ustrezna zaščitna sredstva. Drobne iglice in luske uranofana se namreč zlahka zapičijo v kožo in postanejo trajen vir nevarnega radioaktivnega sevanja.

Sklici

  1. 1,0 1,1 N. Strunz; E.H. Nickel (2001). Strunz Mineralogical Tables (9 izd.). Stuttgart : Schweizerbart, cop. COBISS 464222. ISBN 3-510-65188-X.
  2. Mindat http://www.mindat.org/min-4107.html
  3. 3,0 3,1 Mineral Data http://webmineral.com/data/Uranophane.shtml
  4. Webarchiv - "A dictionary of the names of minerals including their history and etymology"
  5. Datei:Uranophane, Muscovite, Almandine - Pine Mountain, North Carolina, USA.jpg
  6. Vidrih R.; Mikuž V. (1995). Minerali na Slovenskem, 1. izdaja. Ljubljana: Tehniška založba Slovenije. str. 379. COBISS 53037312. ISBN 86-365-0184-9.

Vira

  • Paul Ramdohr; Hugo Strunz (1978). Klockmanns Lehrbuch der Mineralogie (16 izd.). Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart. ISBN 9783432829869.
  • Petr Korbel; Milan Novák (2002). Mineralien Enzyklopädie. Nebel Verlag GmbH, Eggolsheim. str. 211. ISBN 3-89555-076-0.

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