Guyanské stredisko pre vesmír

Štartovacia rampa pre rakety Ariane 5
Mapa kozmodrómu

Guyanské stredisko pre vesmír (alebo Kourou, vysl. kuru)[1] je kozmodróm, ktorý leží blízko mesta Kourou vo Francúzskej Guyane.

Zariadenie je v činnosti od roku 1968. Poloha v blízkosti mesta Kourou je mimoriadne výhodná na vybudovanie kozmodrómu z dôvodu blízkosti rovníka, a preto, že raketu štartujú nad more. Z kozmodrómu sú vypúšťané družice a sondy Európskej kozmickej agentúry (ESA), Národného strediska pre kozmický výskum (CNES), ale aj satelity komerčnej firmy Arianespace.

Miesto na stavbu zariadenia bolo vybrané v roku 1964 a Francúzsko si tu vybudovalo svoj kozmodróm. Keď bola v roku 1975 založená Európska vesmírna agentúra, Francúzsko ponúklo novovzniknutej agentúre Guyanské kozmické centrum na používanie. Komerčné štarty sa predávajú tiež mimoeurópskym agentúram. ESA hradí dve tretiny rozpočtu kozmodrómu a financuje tiež rozširovanie a úpravy komplexu pri vývoji nosičov Ariane. Pozemný segment sa skladá z budov pre prípravu rakiet a satelitov, štartovacieho zariadenia a závodu na výrobu paliva.

Kourou leží približne 500 km severne od rovníka, na 5°8´ severnej šírky. Na tejto zemepisnej šírke pridáva zemská rotácia rakete rýchlosť 460 m/s[2], pokiaľ štartovná trajektória smeruje na východ. Preto sa dá satelit ľahšie dopraviť na obežnú dráhu.

Protipožiarne zabezpečenie rieši Parížska požiarna brigáda. Bezpečnosť zabezpečujú jednotky francúzskych žandárov (Gendarmerie) spolu s 3. pechotným plukom francúzskej cudzineckej légie a ďalšími vojenskými jednotkami.

Referencie

  1. ↑ Súpis termínov z astronómie. Kultúra slova (Bratislava: Jazykovedný ústav Ľ. Štúra SAV a Matica Slovenská), 2014, roč. 48, čís. 6, s. 326. Dostupné online [cit. 2017-07-21]. ISSN 0023-5202.
  2. ↑ Satellite Programmes Overview - Launching Satellites [online]. EUMETSAT, [cit. 2010-12-30]. Dostupné online.

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