The Pale of Settlement

The Pale of Settlement was a term used by the Russian Empire. It meant the borders in which permanent residency by Jews was allowed (from 1791 to 1917). Beyond these places, Jewish residency, permanent or temporary,[1] was mostly forbidden.

The old English term pale is got from the Latin word palus, a stake, and so extended to mean the area enclosed by a fence or boundary.[2]

The Pale of Settlement included all of modern Belarus, Lithuania and Moldova, much of Ukraine and Poland, and small parts of Latvia and the western Russian Federation.

It extended from the eastern pale, or demarcation line inside the country, westwards to the Imperial Russian border with the Kingdom of Prussia (later the German Empire) and Austria-Hungary. It was about 20% of European Russia.

Historians argue that the motivations for its creation and maintenance were primarily economic and nationalist in nature.

The end of the enforcement and formal demarcation of the Pale coincided with the beginning of World War I in 1914 and then ultimately, the fall of the Russian Empire in the February and October Revolutions of 1917.

The religious nature of the edicts creating the Pale is clear: conversion to Russian Orthodoxy, the state religion, released people from the restrictions. Historians argue that the motivations for its creation were mainly economic and nationalist in nature.

Terrible anti-Jewish pogroms occurred from 1881 to 1883 and from 1903 to 1906. The Jewish community responded by organising a welfare system.[3][4]

References

  1. ↑ Черта оседлости. КЕЭ, том 9, кол. 1188–1198
  2. ↑ "pale, n.1." OED Online. Oxford University Press, September 2016. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
  3. ↑ Spiro, Rabbi Ken. History Crash Course #56: Pale of Settlement. aishcom.
  4. ↑ Beyond the Pale: life in the Pale of Settlement. www.friends-partners.org. [1]

Read other articles:

Air Mata Cinta

Air Mata CintaGenre Drama Roman Sutradara Indrayanto Kurniawan Doddy Djanas Pemeran Cinta Laura Glenn Alinskie Tia Ivanka Fuad Zulkarnaen Anna Pinem Sigit Hardadi H. Jhojon Hanna Hasyim Penggubah lagu temaEndaLagu pembukaHati yang Kau Sakiti oleh RossaLagu penutupHati yang Kau Sakiti oleh RossaNegara asalIndonesiaBahasa asliBahasa IndonesiaJmlh. musim1Jmlh. episode53ProduksiProduser eksekutifElly Yanti NoorProduserLeo SutantoPengaturan kameraMulti-kameraDurasi90—120 menitRumah produksiSine...

 

Malindi

MalindiMunisipalitasPilar Vasco da GamaNegara KenyaKabupatenKabupaten KilifiDidirikanAbad ke 13 – 14Dimukimkan kembali1861Populasi (2009) • Total207.253 [1]Zona waktuUTC+3 (WAT) Pemandangan kota lama Malindi Malindi (sempat disebut sebagai Melinde) adalah sebuah kota di Teluk Malindi, mulut Sungai Galana, pesisir Samudera Hindia, Kenya. Kota tersebut berjarak 120 kilometer dari timur laut Mombasa. Populasi Malindi sebesar 207,253 menurut sensus 2009.[1]...

 

قائمة لاعبي نادي سامبدوريا (25-99 مباراة)

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (مايو 2022) هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (�...

Ness of Brodgar

British archaeological site Ness of BrodgarExcavations at the Ness of Brodgar.Shown within Orkney IslandsLocationMainland, OrkneyRegionScotlandCoordinates58°59′50″N 03°12′56″W / 58.99722°N 3.21556°W / 58.99722; -3.21556TypeNeolithic settlement or religious siteHistoryPeriodsNeolithicSite notesOwnershipNess of Brodgar Trust; also private ownershipPublic accessOnly by guided tour during excavation Invalid designationTypeCulturalCriteriai, ii, iii, ivDesi...

 

Bagnères-de-Bigorre

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Bagnères et Bigorre. Bagnères-de-Bigorre Vue générale de Bagnères-de-Bigorre. Blason Logo Administration Pays France Région Occitanie Département Hautes-Pyrénées(sous-préfecture) Arrondissement Bagnères-de-Bigorre(chef-lieu) Intercommunalité Communauté de communes de la Haute-Bigorre(siège) Maire Mandat Claude Cazabat (DVC) 2020-2026 Code postal 65200 et 65710 Code commune 65059 Démographie Gentilé Bagnérais Populationmunicipale 7 000&#...

 

Синелобый амазон

Синелобый амазон Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:ЗавропсидыКласс:Пт�...

Rolling Hills Estates, California

City in California, United States Not to be confused with Rolling Hills, California. City in California, United StatesRolling Hills Estates, CaliforniaCityPromenade on the Peninsula mall, Rolling Hills Estates SealLocation of Rolling Hills Estates in Los Angeles County, CaliforniaRolling Hills Estates, CaliforniaLocation in the United StatesCoordinates: 33°46′25″N 118°21′39″W / 33.77361°N 118.36083°W / 33.77361; -118.36083Country United StatesState...

 

Stiripentol

Anticonvulsant medication StiripentolClinical dataPronunciationstiri pen' tol Trade namesDiacomitAHFS/Drugs.comMonographMedlinePlusa618069License data EU EMA: by INN US DailyMed: Stiripentol Pregnancycategory AU: B3[1][2] Routes ofadministrationBy mouthATC codeN03AX17 (WHO) Legal statusLegal status AU: S4 (Prescription only)[1][2] CA: ℞-only UK: POM (Prescription only)[3] US: ℞-only[4&...

 

コルク

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。（このテンプレートの使い方）出典検索?: コルク – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL（2017年4月） コルクを打ち抜いて作った瓶の栓 コルク（木栓、�...

Christopher T. Robinson

American diplomat For persons of a similar name, see Christopher Robinson (disambiguation). Christopher T. RobinsonUnited States Ambassador to Latvia IncumbentAssumed office February 21, 2023PresidentJoe BidenPreceded byJohn Carwile Personal detailsNationalityAmericanEducationNational War College (MS)George Washington University (BA) Christopher T. Robinson is an American diplomat serving as the United States ambassador to Latvia since February 2023. Early life and education Robinson rece...

 

大字 (数字)

この項目には、一部のコンピュータや閲覧ソフトで表示できない文字が含まれています（詳細）。 数字の大字（だいじ）は、漢数字の一種。通常用いる単純な字形の漢数字（小字）の代わりに同じ音の別の漢字を用いるものである。 概要 壱万円日本銀行券（「壱」が大字） 弐千円日本銀行券（「弐」が大字） 漢数字には「一」「二」「三」と続く小字と、「壱」「�...

 

Голубянки

Голубянки Самец голубянки икар Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ПервичноротыеБез ранга:ЛиняющиеБез ранга:PanarthropodaТип:ЧленистоногиеПодтип:ТрахейнодышащиеНадкласс:ШестиногиеКласс...

约翰斯顿环礁

此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充。 (2021年5月6日)若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议，译文需在编辑摘要注明来源，或于讨论页顶部标记{{Translated page}}标签。 约翰斯顿环礁Kalama Atoll 美國本土外小島嶼 Johnston Atoll 旗幟颂歌：《星條旗》The Star-Spangled Banner約翰斯頓環礁�...

 

新罕布什尔州

坐标：43°11′38″N 71°34′21″W / 43.1938516°N 71.5723953°W / 43.1938516; -71.5723953 此條目需要补充更多来源。 (2017年5月21日)请协助補充多方面可靠来源以改善这篇条目，无法查证的内容可能會因為异议提出而被移除。致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：新罕布什尔州 — 网页、新闻、书籍、学术、图像），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源...

 

Новотитаровское сельское поселение

Сельское поселение России (МО 2-го уровня)Новотитаровское сельское поселение Флаг[d] Герб 45°14′09″ с. ш. 38°58′16″ в. д.HGЯO Страна  Россия Субъект РФ Краснодарский край Район Динской Включает 4 населённых пункта Адм. центр Новотитаровская Глава сельского пос�...

土库曼斯坦总统

土库曼斯坦总统土库曼斯坦国徽土库曼斯坦总统旗現任谢尔达尔·别尔德穆哈梅多夫自2022年3月19日官邸阿什哈巴德总统府（Oguzkhan Presidential Palace）機關所在地阿什哈巴德任命者直接选举任期7年，可连选连任首任萨帕尔穆拉特·尼亚佐夫设立1991年10月27日 土库曼斯坦土库曼斯坦政府与政治 国家政府 土库曼斯坦宪法 国旗 国徽 国歌 立法機關（英语：National Council of Turkmenistan） ...

 

John Edson Sweet

American mechanical engineer For other people named John Sweet, see John Sweet (disambiguation). John E. Sweet pictured in Cassier's Magazine, April 1892. John Edson Sweet (Pompey, New York, October 21, 1832 – Syracuse, New York, May 8, 1916) was an American mechanical engineer, inventor, professor, businessman and president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers from 1884–1885. He is known for building the first micrometer caliper in 1873, for making tools, and for inventing the...

 

2018 Southern Steel season

Southern Steel season Southern Steel2018 seasonHead coachReinga BloxhamAsst. coachLauren PiebengaManagerDayna KaioCaptainWendy FrewMain venueStadium SouthlandSeason resultsWins–losses21–0Regular season1stFinals placingANZ Premiership winnersSuper Club 3rd place Team colours Southern Steel seasons← 2017 2019 → The 2018 Southern Steel season saw the Southern Steel netball team compete in the 2018 ANZ Premiership and the 2018 Netball New Zealand Super Club.[1&#...

Teffichthys

Extinct genus of ray-finned fishes TeffichthysTemporal range: Early Triassic PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ Fossil of T. madagascariensis Restoration of Teffichthys Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Subclass: Neopterygii Genus: †TeffichthysMarramà et al., 2017 Type species †Perleidus madagascariensisPiveteau, 1934 Other species †T. elegans Yuan et al., 2022[1] Teffichthys is an extinct genus of ray-finn...

 

Maddalena di Hohenzollern

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Maddalena di Hohenzollern (disambigua). Principato di BrandeburgoHohenzollern Federico I Figli Giovanni Federico Alberto Achille Federico Elisabetta Cecilia Margherita Maddalena Dorotea Nipoti Barbara Rodolfo Elisabetta Dorotea Federico, figlio naturale Federico II Figli Dorotea Margherita Alberto III Figli Giovanni Ursula Elisabetta Federico Amalia Barbara Sibilla Sigismondo Elisabetta Anastasia Giovanni I Figli Gioacchino Alberto...