Raoul Wallenberg

Raoul Wallenberg
Passport photo from June 1944
Born
Raoul Gustaf Wallenberg

(1912-08-04)4 August 1912
Lidingö Municipality, Sweden
Disappeared17 January 1945
Budapest, Hungary
DiedPossibly 17 July 1947 (aged 34) or 31 July 1952 (aged 39)[1]
Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
MonumentsList
Alma materUniversity of Michigan
Occupation(s)Businessman and diplomat
Known forRescuing Hungarian Jews from the Holocaust
RelativesGuy von Dardel (maternal half-brother)
Nina Lagergren (maternal half-sister)
Nils Dardel (step-uncle)
FamilyWallenberg family (biological father)
AwardsList

Raoul Gustaf Wallenberg (4 August 1912 – disappeared 17 January 1945)[2] was a Swedish businessman and diplomat. He helped save about 100,000 Hungarian Jews from being killed by the Nazis in 1944, during the Holocaust in World War II. He often risked his life, and later won worldwide admiration for his heroic eforts.

Background

Wallenberg was born in Kapptsta, near Stockholm. He was a member of a prominent family of bankers and industrialists. He visited Hungary on business in the early 1940s, during World War II. Wallenberg became increasingly disturbed by the plans of Nazi leader Adolf Hitler to kill all the Jews of Europe. In 1944, the World Jewish Congress and the American War Refugee Board asked Wallennberg to help and he agreed to go to Hungary to save the remaining Jews there.

Rescue of Jews

The Swedish government sent Wallenberg to serve as a diplomat in Budapest, Hungary's capital. He gave Swedish passports to about 20,000 Jews, allowing them to ask for the protection of the neutral Swedish government. He also protected Jews in houses he bought or rented with his own money or money from the groups that had sent him. Wallenberg, a Lutheran, was assisted by Roman Catholic and other non-Jewish leaders.

Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi official who directed the sending of Jews to concentration camps, ordered Wallenberg to stop interfering with German plans for the Jews. Wallenberg said no. Eichmann tried to have Wallenberg killed, but he was not killed. In the final days before the liberation of Budapest by Soviet soldiers, Wallenberg persuaded the Nazis to stop a plan to kill 70,000 Jews who were forced to live in a ghetto (separated part) of the city.

Arrest and death

In January 1945, Soviet forces arrested Wallenberg. They apparently believed he was an American spy. In 1957, the Soviet government reported that Wallenberg had died of a heart attack in prison in 1947. But several people said that they saw him alive in Soviet prisons and hospitals after 1947.

In 1981, the United States Congress made Wallenberg an honorary U.S. citizen.

Notes

  1. ↑ Stockholm, Agence France-Presse in (31 October 2016). "Sweden declares Raoul Wallenberg dead 71 years after disappearance". The Guardian.
  2. ↑ He is presumed to have died in 1947, although the circumstances of his death are not clear and this date has been disputed. Some reports claim he was alive years later. 31 July 1952 is the date of death declared by the Swedish Tax Agency in October 2016 and determined in accordance with Swedish law.

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