William Ewart Gladstone

Vilijam Gledston
William Ewart Gladstone

Biografija
Ime pri rođenju Vilijam Juart Gledston
Politička partija Konzervativna, Piliti, liberalna
Supružnik Katarina Gledston
Potomstvo 8
Diploma sa Univerzitet u Oksfordu
Potpis
Mandat(i)
Premijer Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva
Lider opozicije
Kancelar blagajne
Predsednik odbora za trgovinu

Vilijam Juart Gledston (engl. William Ewart Gladstone; Liverpul, 29. decembar 1809Zamak Harden, 19. maj 1898) bio je britanski političar iz viktorijanskog doba koji je četiri puta biran za premijera. Gledston je ušao u Parlament kao torijevac 1832. godine. Bio je veliki pobornik slobodne trgovine i morao je da podnese ostavku, zajedno sa premijerom ser Robertom Pilom, nakon ukidanja zakona o kukuruzu 1846. godine. Na Gledstonove nazore je umnogome uticalo njegovo divljenje Pilovom ekonomskom liberalizmu. Vršio je dužnost ministra finansija od 1852. do 1855. i ponovo od 1859. do 1866. godine. Predložio je niz budžeta koji su snizili carine i smanjili troškove vlade. Gledston je 1867. izabran za vođu Liberalne partije, a 1868. za premijera. Tokom prvog premijerskog mandata, Gledston je sproveo značajne reforme, među kojima su odvajanje Irske protestantske crkve od države 1869, tajno glasanje na izborima i reforme pravnog statuta sindikata, zakonodavstva i obrazovanja. Gledston je tvrdio da je zaslužan za ukidanje nepravednih zakona i omogućavanje ličnog napretka svakog pojedinca. Takođe je organizovao rešavanje sporova za SAD putem međunarodne arbitraže.

Godine 1874. na izborima ga je pobedio Bendžamin Dizraeli, ali je Gledston ponovo postao premijer nakon midlodijanske kampanje. Godine 1884. osigurao je usvajanje treće reforme Parlamenta. Međutim, izgubio je popularnost posle neuspelog spasavanja Čarlsa Gordona i pada Kartuma, te je u junu 1885. podneo ostavku.

Kada je sledeće godine ponovo izabran za premijera, Gledson je predlog zakona o samoupravi Irske. Ova politika je podelila Liberalnu politiku i njegova vlada je pala.[1] Međutim, ponovo je postao premijer 1892. i iznova pokušao sa novim predlogom zakona o samoupravi 1893, koji je odbijen u Gornjem domu. Godine 1894. Gledston je poslednji put podneo ostavku. NJegov liberalizam je uključivao mere za reformu zakona, ograničenje javne potrošnje i pomoć razvoju trgovine.

Biografija

Vilijam Gledston je rođen 29. decembra 1809. godine u Liverpulu, kao četvrti sin DŽona Gledstona.[2] Potiče iz stare ugledne škotske porodice. Obrazovanje je počeo u maloj školi koju je osnovao njegov otac, a nastavio na koledžu Itonu 1821. U oktobru 1828. je otišao na Oksford, Christ Church.[2]

Tamo je pohađao klasične studije i studije matematike. Diplomirao je 1831. godine sa najboljim uspehom u decembru. Tokom studija je bio zapažen kao dobar govornik, a postao je i predsednik Društva za debate (Oxford Union debating society). Tada je sa svojim prijateljima postavio temelje političke karijere. Nakon studija je sa svojim bratom posetio prestonice Belgije, Francuske i Italije. Po povratku u Englesku 1832, ulazi u Parlament i počinje da se aktivno bavi politikom.

Galerija

Povezano

Izvori

Literatura

  • Michael Barker, Gladstone and Radicalism. The Reconstruction of Liberal Policy in Britain. 1885–1894 (The Harvester Press, 1975).
  • David Bebbington and Roger Swift (eds.), Gladstone Centenary Essays (Liverpool University Press, 2000).
  • E. F. Biagini, Liberty, Retrenchment and Reform. Popular Liberalism in the Age of Gladstone, 1860–1880 (Cambridge University Press, 1992).
  • Eugenio Biagini and Alastair Reid (eds.), Currents of Radicalism. Popular Radicalism, Organised Labour and Party Politics in Britain, 1850–1914 (Cambridge University Press, 1991).
  • Sydney Buxton, Finance and Politics. An Historical Study. 1783–1885. Volume I (John Murray, 1888)
  • F. W. Hirst, Gladstone as Financier and Economist (1931).
  • F. W. Hirst, In the Golden Days (Frederick Muller, 1947).
  • Philip Magnus, Gladstone: A Biography (1954).
  • H. C. G. Matthew, Gladstone. 1809–1874 (Oxford University Press, 1988); Gladstone. 1875–1898 (Oxford University Press, 1995).
  • John Morley, 1st Viscount Morley of Blackburn|John Morley, The Life of William Ewart Gladstone (Three volumes, 1903).
  • Sir Wemyss Reid (ed.), The Life of William Ewart Gladstone (1899).
  • Joseph A. Schumpeter, History of Economic Analysis (George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1954).
  • Richard Shannon, Gladstone: Peel's Inheritor, 1809–1865 (1985), ISBN 0-8078-1591-8; Gladstone: Heroic Minister, 1865–1898 (1999), ISBN 0-8078-2486-0.
  • W. E. Gladstone, Midlothian Speeches. 1879 (Leicester University Press, 1971).
  • Viscount Gladstone, After Thirty Years (1928).
  • Lord Kilbracken, Reminiscences of Lord Kilbracken (Macmillan, 1931).
  • Herbert Paul (ed.), Letters of Lord Acton to Mary Gladstone (George Allen, 1904).
  • G. W. E. Russell, One Look Back (Wells Gardner, Darton and Co., 1911).
  • Lionel A. Tollemache, Talks with Mr. Gladstone (London: Edward Arnold, 1898).
  • Bebbington, D. W. William Ewart Gladstone (1993).
  • Biagini, Eugenio F. Gladstone (2000).
  • Brand, Eric. William Gladstone (1986) ISBN 0-87754-528-6.
  • Jagger, Peter J., ed. Gladstone (2007), 256pp.
  • Jenkins, Roy. Gladstone: A Biography (2002) excerpt and text search.
  • Magnus, Philip M. Gladstone: A biography (1954) excerpt and text search.
  • Matthew, H. C. G. "Gladstone, William Ewart (1809–1898)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, (2004; online edition, May 2006.
  • Matthew, H. C. G. Gladstone, 1809–1874 (1988); Gladstone, 1875–1898 (1995) excerpt & text search vol 1
  • Morley, J. The life of William Ewart Gladstone, 3 vols. (1903) vol 2 online
  • Partridge, M. Gladstone (2003) excerpt and text search.
  • Russell, George W. E. The Right Honourable William Ewart Gladstone (1891).
  • Russell, Michael. Gladstone: A Bicentenary Portrait (2009). ISBN 978-0-85955-317-9
  • Shannon, Richard. Gladstone (2 vols, 1984–2000).
  • Shut, M. L. (2008). „Gladstone, William Ewart (1809–1898)”. u: Hamowy, Ronald. The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications; Cato Institute. pp. 206–7. ISBN 978-1-4129-6580-4. OCLC 750831024. 
  • Aldous, Richard. The Lion and the Unicorn: Gladstone vs Disraeli (2007).
  • Bebbington, D. W. The Mind of Gladstone: Religion, Homer and Politics (2004).
  • Boyce, D. George and Alan O'Day, eds. Gladstone and Ireland: Politics, Religion, and Nationality in the Victorian Age (Palgrave Macmillan; 2011), 307 pages.
  • Butler, P. Gladstone, church, state, and Tractarianism: a study of his religious ideas and attitudes, 1809–1859 (1982).
  • Derek Beales, Gladstone on the italian question. January 1860 Arhivirano 2015-09-24 na Wayback Machine-u in Rassegna Storica del Risorgimento, a. XL – fasc. IV, pp. 96–104, (1953).
  • Guedalla, Philip. Queen and Mr. Gladstone (2 vols, 1933) online edition Arhivirano 2011-08-20 na Wayback Machine-u
  • Isba, Anne. Gladstone and Women (2006), London: Hambledon Continuum, ISBN 1-85285-471-5.
  • Hammond, J. L. Gladstone and the Irish nation (1938) online edition Arhivirano 2012-03-12 na Wayback Machine-u.
  • Jenkins, T. A. Gladstone, whiggery and the liberal party, 1874–1886 (1988).
  • Loughlin, J. Gladstone, home rule and the Ulster question, 1882–1893 (1986).
  • Parry, J. P. Democracy and religion: Gladstone and the liberal party, 1867–1875 (1986).
  • Schreuder, D. M. Gladstone and Kruger: Liberal government and colonial ‘home rule’, 1880–85 (1969).
  • Schreuder, D. M. Gladstone and Italian unification, 1848–70: the making of a Liberal?, The English historical review, vol. 85 (n. 336), pp. 475–501 (July 1970).
  • Seton-Watson, R. W. Disraeli, Gladstone and the eastern question: a study in diplomacy and party politics (1935).
  • Shannon, Richard. Gladstone: God and Politics (2007).
  • Vincent, J. Gladstone and Ireland (1978).
  • Vincent, J. The Formation of the Liberal Party, 1857–1868 (1966).

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