Mesnoprerađivačka industrija

Mesnoprerađivačka industrija
Kobasica tipični proizvod mesnoprerađivačke industrije
Kobasica tipični proizvod mesnoprerađivačke industrije
Kobasica tipični proizvod mesnoprerađivačke industrije

Mesnoprerađivačka industrija je jedna od grana prehrambene industrije, koja se bavi klanjem životinja i preradom njihova mesa u brojne mesne prerađevine, te njihovom distribucijom i prodajom.

Karakteristike

Meso se prodaje kao svježa ili prerađena roba ili postaje sastavni dio raznih mesnih proizvoda, uključujući mnoge vrste kobasica, svježeg mesa i brojnih nusproizvoda.[1]

Uobičajene metode čuvanja mesa od bakterija i truljenja su hlađenje, zamrzavanje, sušenje, sušenje zamrzavanjem i konzerviranje.[1]

U mesne prerađevine ubrajaju se usitnjeno (faširano) meso, kobasičarski proizvodi, mesne konzerve, smrznuta gotova jela, suhomesnati proizvodi i mast.[2]

Historija

Mesnoprerađivačka industrija je jedna od najstarijih industrija čija se geneza može pratiti još od neolita. Metode prerade i distribucije su se poboljšavale, da bi se došlo do današnjih relativno sigurnih po zdravlje, iako su u suštini ostale iste.

Kompanije koje se bave tim poslom postaju sve veće, a njihovi profiti sve veći.

Danas u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama najveće kompanije ne proizvode samo meso, već kontroliraju i način uzgoja tih životinja mnogo prije klanja.[3]

Vlasništvo nad svim dijelovima logističkog lanca naziva se vertikalna integracija. Integratorima - kompanijama koje su integrirale sve različite dijelove pod jednim kišobranom - to omogućuje da kontroliraju cijene i kvalitetu. Vertikalna integracija također je omogućila da mesna industrija postane visoko konsolidirana, jer je kontrolira samo nekoliko kompanija. Nakon 2015. četiri najveće kompanije, svaka u svom sektoru kontrolirale su 85 % prometa govedinom, 66 % svinjetinom i 51 % piletinom. Postrojenja za klanje i pakiranje tih nekoliko kompanija su 2015. čak 85 % govedine preradile u 30 klaonica (od gotovo 650), a više od polovice je obrađeno u 13 pogona,koji prerađuju više od milijun životinja godišnje, što je otprilike 2.800 goveda dnevno, 365 dana godišnje.[3]

Izvori

  1. 1,0 1,1 Meat food (engleski). Encyclopaedia Britannica. Pristupljeno 4. 12. 2021. 
  2. Mesne prerađevine (hrvatski). Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. Pristupljeno 4. 12. 2021. 
  3. 3,0 3,1 Mesne prerađevine (engleski). GRACE Communications Foundation. Pristupljeno 4.12. 2021. 

Vanjske veze

Mesnoprerađivačka industrija
Kobasica tipični proizvod mesnoprerađivačke industrije
Kobasica tipični proizvod mesnoprerađivačke industrije
Kobasica tipični proizvod mesnoprerađivačke industrije

Mesnoprerađivačka industrija je jedna od grana prehrambene industrije, koja se bavi klanjem životinja i preradom njihova mesa u brojne mesne prerađevine, te njihovom distribucijom i lprodajom.

Karakteristike

Meso se prodaje kao svježa ili prerađena roba ili postaje sastavni dio raznih mesnih proizvoda, uključujući mnoge vrste kobasica, svježeg mesa i brojnih nusproizvoda.[1]

Uobičajene metode čuvanja mesa od bakterija i truljenja su hlađenje, zamrzavanje, sušenje, sušenje zamrzavanjem i konzerviranje.[1]

U mesne prerađevine ubrajaju se usitnjeno (faširano) meso, kobasičarski proizvodi, mesne konzerve, smrznuta gotova jela, suhomesnati proizvodi i mast.[2]

Historija

Mesnoprerađivačka industrija je jedna od najstarijih industrija čija se geneza može pratiti još od neolita. Metode prerade i distribucije su se poboljšavale, da bi se došlo do današnjih relativno sigurnih po zdravlje, iako su u suštini ostale iste.

Kompanije koje se bave tim poslom postaju sve veće, a njihovi profiti sve veći.

Danas u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama najveće kompanije ne proizvode samo meso, već kontroliraju i način uzgoja tih životinja mnogo prije klanja.[3]

Vlasništvo nad svim dijelovima logističkog lanca naziva se vertikalna integracija. Integratorima - kompanijama koje su integrirale sve različite dijelove pod jednim kišobranom - to omogućuje da kontroliraju cijene i kvalitetu. Vertikalna integracija također je omogućila da mesna industrija postane visoko konsolidirana, jer je kontrolira samo nekoliko kompanija. Nakon 2015. četiri najveće kompanije, svaka u svom sektoru kontrolirale su 85 % prometa govedinom, 66 % svinjetinom i 51 % piletinom. Postrojenja za klanje i pakiranje tih nekoliko kompanija su 2015. čak 85 % govedine preradile u 30 klaonica (od gotovo 650), a više od polovice je obrađeno u 13 pogona,koji prerađuju više od milijun životinja godišnje, što je otprilike 2.800 goveda dnevno, 365 dana godišnje.[3]

Izvori

  1. 1,0 1,1 Meat food (engleski). Encyclopaedia Britannica. Pristupljeno 4. 12. 2021. 
  2. Mesne prerađevine (hrvatski). Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. Pristupljeno 4. 12. 2021. 
  3. 3,0 3,1 Mesne prerađevine (engleski). GRACE Communications Foundation. Pristupljeno 4.12. 2021. 

Vanjske veze

Meat packing industry

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