Krivošije

Krivošije
Mapa Krivošija
Mjesto
OblastStara Hercegovina
Bratska plemena

Krivošije je naziv za crnogorsko pleme ili za visoravan i istorijsku mikroregiju blizu Kotora u Crnoj Gori, odnosno Staroj Hercegovini, na istočnim obroncima Orjena, iznad Risna.

Geografija

Krivošije su rtom Pazua podijeljene na Gornje i Donje Krivošije[1], a čine ih sela

Ova sela čine male grupe kuća koje su, prilagođavajući se konfiguraciji terena, podignute bez naročitog reda. Danas je većina sela skoro napuštena.

Prirodne odlike

Krivošije su poznati po najizrazitijim oblicima dubokog krša. Planine su pretežno pokrivene bjelogirčnom šumom (bukvom i dr.) a na Orjenu su očuvane i šume bora munike. U ledeno doba znatan dio Orjena bio je zahvaćen glacijacijom. Naslage leda bile su između ostalog oko Zvečave. Od središnjeg Orjena spuštaju se ledničke doline prema Grahovskom i Dragaljskom polju, koja su pokrivena flucioglacijalnim nanosom, debelim i do 10 m[2].

Klima

Klima je mediteranska i izmijenjeno mediteranska, karakteristična po obimnoj količini padavina zimi. Ljeta su topla i sušna.

Istorija

Oblast je dobilo ime po nekom Krivošiću čije se ime pominje u dubrovačkom izvještaju iz XV vijeka[3]. Prema nekim izvorima, prvi pomen oblasti Krivošija u pisanim izvorima je iz izvještaja mletačkog zapovjednika u Risnu, Anđela Gonema, iz 1686. godine. U izvještaju se pominje 15-20 kuća u Krivošijama[4].

Kroz Krivošije prolazi put koji je bio značajan u srednjovjekovno i antičko doba. O tome svjedoče između ostalog ostaci popločanog puta u dubodolini Lupoglava[4].

Krivošije se nalaze na teritoriji nekadašnje turske nahije Riđani i dijelom Dračevice. Riđani, srednjovjekovni Vlasi, smatraju se precima Krivošijama. Zbog učestalih suboka i miješanja sa crnogorsko-hercegovačkim plemenima, Riđani polako nestaju[4].

Istraživanja plemena Krivošija pokazauju da se od 1430. do 1500. godine znatan broj stanovnika plemena odselio u Boku kotorsku. Seobe su nastavljene i u vrijeme turske vladavine. Krivošije u tom periodu učestvuju u ustancima plemena Nikšića i podlovćenske Crne Gore. Tada se u ove krajeve doseljavaju bratstava iz Kuča, Bjelopavlića, Pješivaca i iz okoline Cetinja. Od njih u 17 vijeku se razvijaju se u Krivošijama bratstva

Krivošijama vladaju Turci do 1684. godine, zatim pripadaju Mletačkoj republici do propasti Venecije 1797. godine, kada prelaze u sastav Austrougarske. Od 1807. pripadaju Francuskoj, od 1813. Crnoj Gori[2]. Bečkim kongresom 1814. godine, Krivošije su ponovo pod Austrougarskom kontrolom, kao dio Ilirskih pokrajina. Ovo je izazivalo pobune među lokalnim stanovništvom, od kojih je vjerovatno najpoznatiji onaj iz 1869. godine. Još danas u kraju postoje ostaci austrougarskih utvrda[4][5].

Vuk Karadžić je zabilježio da je 1834. u Krivošijama bilo oko 250 kuća i 1.200 duša, svi grčkog zakona[6].

Austrougarska vlada ovim krajem sve do 1918. godine kada je formirana Jugoslavija.

Crkve

Zanimljivosti

  • Krivošije su područje s najvećom količinom padavina u Evropi – u prosjeku 480 mm dnevno[7].
  • Grčki mit kaže da se grobovi Kadmosa, osnivača Tebe, i njegove žene Harmonije nalaze na području Krivošija[8].

Povezano

Izvori

  1. Pop Sava Nakićenović, Antropogeografska studija Boke, Beograd 1913, 515
  2. 2,0 2,1 http://cem-gorskestaze.cg.yu/krivosije.htm[mrtav link]
  3. Jasmina Đorđević, Dračevica i Riđani sredinom XVI vijeka, Beograd 1997.
  4. 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 „Crkveni spomenici na području Krivošija i Ledenica - I dio”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2016-03-05. Pristupljeno 2009-04-13. 
  5. „Dr Koh Nandor: Boka kotorska”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2016-03-04. Pristupljeno 2009-04-13. 
  6. „Vuk Karadžić: Boka kotorska”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2016-03-04. Pristupljeno 2009-04-13. 
  7. „Archive copy”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2009-03-16. Pristupljeno 2009-04-13. 
  8. „Planinarsno društvo „Pestingrad“ Kotor”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2008-11-04. Pristupljeno 2009-04-13. 

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