Ciklona

Ciklona nad Islandom 4. 9. 2003.
Ciklona i anticiklona

Ciklona ili ciklon je područje sniženog atmosferskog tlaka u odnosu na okolinu. Označava se slovom N (ili C). Zrak u tom polju struji od rubova prema središtu, zbog koncentracije počinje se izdizati i hladiti, te nastaju uvjeti za nastanak oborina. Ciklona donosi promjenjivo vrijeme i oborine. U cikloni je tlak zraka obično niži od 1013 hPa. Zrak se u ciklonama kreće u smjeru suprotnom od kretanja kazaljke na satu (za sjevernu Zemljinu polutku). Fizikalno, ciklona nastaje djelovanjem Coriolisove sile na zračne mase.

Na vrijeme u Hrvatskoj najviše utječe Genovska ciklona koja nastaje u istočnom Sredozemlju, točnije u Genovskom zaljevu. Postoji također Islandska ciklona koja djeluje cijele godine (zbog golfske struje).[1] Donosi nešto toplije vrijeme u odnosu na prethodne dane. Postoje isto tako i stacionirane ciklone, tj. ciklone koje se dulje zadržavaju nad nekim područjem. Takve ciklone obično donose nestabilnost na više od tri dana.

U Evropi se ciklone uglavnom kreću od zapada prema istoku, ali ima i odstupanja. Prije ciklone obično zapuše slabo do umjereno jugo ili jugozapadnjak, a dva do tri dana prije njenog dolaska na nebu se mogu uočiti visoki oblaci cirusi, koji su inače nositelji lošeg vremena. Pred prolazak ciklone zapuše obično hladniji vjetar sa sjevera ili sa sjeverozapada i to zbog širenja anticiklonalnog grebena i dolaska ljepšeg vremena. Postoje i tropske ciklone koje se javljaju u Pacifiku i obično donose jake kiše i prati ih olujan vjetar koji nerijetko doseže brzinu od 150 km/h. Takve ciklone se javljaju između lipnja i listopada. Tropske ciklone se mogu razviti i u uragane samo ako za to postoje uvjeti, ali najčešće nestaju približavajući se obalnom području. Zbog takvih ciklona svake godine nastaju milijunske štete i život izgubi na tisuće ljudi.

Reference

  1. skola.gfz.hr/d5_1.htm[mrtav link] (Preuzeto: 26. srpnja 2009.)

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