Alboin

Kralj Alboin ulazi u Paviju

Alboin (539 . 573) je bio langobardski kralj od 565. do 573. Bio je sin kralja Audoina i franačke princeze Hlotsinde. Nakon Audoinove smrti, Alboin je ujedinio čitavu langobardsku teritoriju, a 568. godine proglasio se za kralja Langobarda i okolnih plemena koja su dospela pod vlašću Langobarda.

Alboin se našao pred sam rat sa Avarima koji su sve više prodirali u unutrašnjost evropskog kontinenta, ali je uspeo da odloži borbu jer je prvo krenuo da ratuje sa Gepidima. 565. godine Alboin je poveo svoju ogromnu vojsku na gepidskog kralja Kunimunda, ubio ga i zavladao njegovom državom. Pošto mu je umrla prva žena, on se oženio njegovom ćerkom Razamundom, što će ga na kraju stajati života.

Alboin je od lobanje kralja Kunimunda napravio kupu iz koje je pio vino na svojim svečanostima. Sarađivao i sa vizantijskim carem Justinijanom i carem Justinom II. Posle uništenja kraljevine Ostrogota u Italiji, Alboin je dobio pristanak vizantijskog cara Justina da se sa Langobardima naseli u Italiju. Na to ga je primoravala i sve veća najezda Avara koji su pustošili njegove teritorije. Alboin se pred seobu obratio Saksoncima za pomoć i oni su mu pored 20.000 ratnika stavili u zadatak da povede i veći broj žene i dece u Italiju.

Prvih meseci 568. godine Alboin je počeo veliku seobu Langobarda. Iz Panonije, preko Julijskih Alpa, Venetske nizije, pa dalje u središte Italije se kretala langobardska masa od 200.000 ljudi.

Alboin je vodio Langobarde i oni su po ulasku na teritoriju Italije zauzeli redom gradove: Padovu, Mantovu, Udine, Kremonu. Jedino je Alboinu jak otpor pružila Pavija, koju je opsedao 3 godine. Konačno se predala Alboinu septembra 571. godine. Alboin je na svom konju svečano ušao kroz kapiju Svetog Jovana u grad. Prvobitno je tražio da se svi branioci pobiju jer su mu pružali otpor, ali je kasnije odustao. Pavle Đakon je to objasnio na način da je njegov konj polako malaksavao i pao od nemoći kad je Alboin izjavio da će pobiti sve, a da se odjednom oporavio i ponovo stao na noge kada je Alboin povukao svoju odluku. Za vreme Alboina čitava teritorija Italije je podeljena na trinaest nezavisnih vojvodstava (Dukata).

Njegovu veliku slavu i moć kao jednog od najvećih langobardskih kraljeva je prekinula njegova žena Rozemunda. Ona nije nikako mogla da prihvati smrt svoga oca kao i Alboinovo ponižavanje tako što je od njegove lobanje napravio sebi kupu za vino, pa se za pomoć obratila lokalnom vođi Helmešisu. Takođe, protiv Alboina je u Paviji sklopljena antivizantijska koalaicija jer je on mnogo popuštao Vizantiji, a to je smetalo ratobornoj langobardskoj struji. Ipak je Helmešis pretekao ove zaverenike.

Ubistvo Alboina je organizovano u Veroni, na njegovom dvoru 573. U sobi kralja je posle ponoći upao Helmešis i ubio ga na spavanju. Njegovo telo je spaljeno, a ostaci spušteni u kovčeg, zajedno sa njegovim mačem, koji je kasnije ukraden i njegovim dragocenostima.

Prethodnik:
Audoin 		kraljevi Langobarda Nasljednik:
Klef

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