Пуримшпиль

Пуримшпиль
Названо в честь Пурим
Логотип Викисклада Медиафайлы на Викискладе

Пуримшпиль (также Пурим-шпиль[1], идиш פּורימשפּיל‎ — пуримшпил, пиримшпил, дословно «пуримская игра») — традиционное еврейское юмористическое представление или сценка, которую разыгрывают в праздник Пурим[2].

Пурим-шпиль в еврейском театре в Варшаве, март 2009

Обычно основа пуримшпиля — легендарная история о персидском царе Артаксерксе (Ахашвероше) и его царедворце Амане, помышлявшем об истреблении евреев, но погибшем в результате вмешательства еврея Мардукая (Мордехая) и его племянницы царицы Эсфири[3].

Театральный жанр пуримшпиля появился в XVI веке, хотя зачатки примитивных карнавальных представлений восходят ещё к 1415 году[3].

В раннее Средневековье в Пурим сжигали чучело Амана, изготовленное из дерева и тряпок. Особенно популярны подобные представления были в Италии, где устраивались настоящие маскарады[2].

Пуримшпиль как самостоятельный жанр появился около XVI века в Германии, затем попал в Польшу вместе с эмигрантами, и вскоре распространился по всей Европе[2].

Достаточно подробное описание пуримшпилей приведено в ряде новелл Шолом-Алейхема («Золотопряды», «У царя Артаксеркса»).

Ссылки

Примечания

  1. ↑ Григоренко А Ю. Религии мира: словарь-справочник.
  2. ↑ 1 2 3 Пуримшпиль. toldot.com. Дата обращения: 4 ноября 2019. Архивировано 4 ноября 2019 года.
  3. ↑ 1 2 Литературная энциклопедия. — В 11 т.; М.: издательство Коммунистической академии, Советская энциклопедия, Художественная литература. Под редакцией В. М. Фриче, А. В. Луначарского. 1929—1939.

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