Кяхтинский язык

Кяхтинский язык
Страны Россия, Китай, Монголия
Регионы Приамурье, Маньчжурия и Забайкалье, граница России с Китаем
Статус вымерший
Вымер первая половина XX века
Классификация
Категория Смешанные языки
пиджин на основе китайского и русского
пиджины и креолы[вд]
Кяхтинский язык
WALS rcp
Glottolog kjac1234

Кя́хтинский язы́к (кяхтинский пиджин, русско-китайский пиджин, кит. трад. 中俄混合語, упр. 中俄混合语, пиньинь zhōng'é hùnhéyŭ, палл. чжунъэ хуньхэюй) — пиджин, существовавший на рубеже XIX—XX веков в районах Приамурья, Маньчжурии и Забайкалья, граничащих с Китаем (название — от города Кяхта).

Базар в Кяхте

Описание и история

Лексика кяхтинского языка была преимущественно русской, однако грамматический строй — китайским: слова не изменялись, глаголы употреблялись в форме императива, существительные и местоимения в препозиции становились определениями — следовательно, было утрачено различие между личными и притяжательными местоимениями и так далее. Знаменитая фраза моя твоя понимай нету связана с кяхтинским пиджином/креолом[1]. В Китае одно время этот язык преподавался для нужд чиновников, торгующих с Россией, издавались учебники и существовали экзаменационные комиссии. Обычно составители пособий при этом называли кяхтинский пиджин «русским языком»; насколько искренним было такое представление, не вполне ясно.

Кяхтинский язык перестал активно употребляться в первой половине XX века. Однако даже в 1990 году на базаре под Улан-Батором ещё видели пожилых китайских торговцев, изъяснявшихся на этом языке[2].

См. также

Примечания

  1. ↑ "Моя твоя понимай нету", или Почему так важно оправдывать доверие. russ.ru. Дата обращения: 3 сентября 2019. Архивировано 10 сентября 2019 года.
  2. ↑ International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies. Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas, Volume 2, Part 1. (Volume 13 of Trends in Linguistics, Documentation Series). (Атлас языков межкультурных коммуникаций в Тихоокеанском регионе, Азии, и Америках. Том 2, часть 1.) (англ.). — Walter de Gruyter, 1996. — P. 911. — ISBN 3110134179. стр. 911

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