Язычок (биология)

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Язычок.
На схеме показаны нёбные миндалины — гланды
Удвоение язычка

Язычок, или нёбный язычок (лат. uvula) — небольшой конический отросток заднего края мягкого нёба, состоящий из соединительной ткани. У человека и некоторых других приматов располагается над корнем языка. Язычок имеет свои мышечные волокна и покрыт слизистой оболочкой[1].

Функция

Язычок играет важнейшую роль в формировании звуков речи, в частности, увулярных согласных, артикулируемых путем ударов нёбного язычка по задней стенке носоглотки. Особенность речи, проявляющаяся в замене нормативного альвеолярного звука [r] на увулярное [ʁ], [ɣ] или даже гортанную смычку [ʔ], называется «ротацизмом» или «картавостью».

Патологии

Воспаление нёбного язычка называется увулит (лат. uvulitis)[2]. У некоторых людей наблюдаются некоторые аномалии развития язычка, например, удвоение (лат. bifid uvula) или расщепление. У людей с ВПЧ на нёбном язычке могут появиться конусовидные отростки, связанные с его непосредственным инфицированием путём микроповреждений (к примеру после ангины или простуды)[3].

См. также

Ссылки

  • Язычок, в анатомии // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907.

Примечания

  1. ↑ Язычок (биология) — статья из Большой советской энциклопедии. 
  2. ↑ Ten Cate's Oral Histology, Nanci, Elsevier, 2007, ст. 321
  3. ↑ eMedicine Definition. Дата обращения: 13 января 2019. Архивировано из оригинала 16 февраля 2008 года.

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