Иекавский тип произношения

Иекавский (екавский) тип произношения (сербохорв. ijekavski / jekavski izgovor, также ijekavica / jekavica и ijekavština / jekavština) — один из двух стандартных типов произношения сербскохорватского языка. Характерен для боснийской, черногорской и хорватской языковой нормы, в сербском языке присутствует наряду с экавским[1][2][3].

Описание

В иекавских говорах праславянский гласный ять») реализован следующим образом:

  • в долгом слоге — ije (dijéte, bijȇg, vijéće);
  • в кратком слоге — je (djèca, bjèžati, sjȅna);
  • в кратком слоге с предшествующим «согласный + r» — e (bregovi, sreća);
  • перед гласным и согласными j, lj, nj, ć и đ (dio, prijašnji, priđašnji).

Йотация

L и n перед je переходят, соответственно, в lj и nj (hljeb, njega).

Во многих иекавских говорах происходит переход d и t в ć и đ (đevojka, ćerati) и даже переход s в мягкий š (śekira). Эти фонетические изменения не вошли в литературный язык.

Распространение

В штокавских диалектах данный тип произношения распространён в северной Далмации, Лике, Кордуне, Бановине и значительной части Славонии и Баранье, а также в северо-западной и восточной Боснии, восточной Герцеговине, Черногории и юго-западной Сербии.

В чакавских диалектах представлен в ластовском[хорв.] (иекавско-чакавском) наречии.

Литература

Примечания

  1. Thomas, Paul-Louis. Grammaire du bosniaque, croate, monténégrin, serbe / Paul-Louis Thomas, Vladimir Osipov. — Paris : Institut d'études slaves, 2012. — P. 624. — ISBN 9782720404900.
  2. Ronelle Alexander, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian: A Grammar with Sociolinguistic Commentary (2006, The University of Wisconsin Press)
  3. Bunčić, Daniel. Die (Re-)Nationalisierung der serbokroatischen Standards // Deutsche Beiträge zum 14. Internationalen Slavistenkongress, Ohrid, 2008. — Munich : Otto Sagner, 2008. — P. 93.

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