Ибан-малайские языки

Малайзийские
Таксон языки
Статус Географическое объединение языков
Ареал Малайский архипелаг
Классификация
Категория Языки Азии
Австронезийские языки
Малайско-полинезийские языки
Западно-зондские языки
Малайзийские языки
Состав
3 группы
Коды языковой группы
ISO 639-2
ISO 639-5

Малайзийские языки (Malayic) — ветвь сунда-сулавесийских языков австронезийской семьи. Она включает в себя малайский язык, национальный язык Малайзии, Индонезии и Брунея, также минангкабау в центре острова Суматра и ибанский язык на севере острова Калимантан.

Считается, что родина малайзийских языков находится на западе Борнео, где остаются ибанские языки, тогда как малайская ветвь представляет собой вторичное рассеивание, вероятно, из центра Суматры, но, возможно, также из Борнео.

Какое-то время была путаница относительно размещения различных языков, которые называются даякским языком; сейчас очевидно, что некоторые из них малайзийские, а некоторые нет. Малайзийские даякские языки, включая ибанский язык; термин «ибанский» иногда или в целом применяется к маленькой группе морских даяков или присущим ибанскому. Другие даякские языки, включая языки земли даяков, обнаружены на северо-западном краю Калимантана, между ибанской и малайской.

Классификация

Сайт Ethnologue приводит следующую классификацию языков:

Фонология

В общем, в прото-малайзийском алфавите существует 19 согласных и 4 гласных (Аделаар 1992:102)

Прото-малайзийские согласные
Губ.-губ. Альвеол. Палатал. Веляр. Глот.
Взрыв. Глухие p t c k ʔ
Звонкие b d ɟ ɡ
Нос. m n ɲ ŋ
Фрикат. s h
Плав. l ʀ
Аппрокс. w y
Прото-малайзийские гласные
Высота Переднего ряда Среднего ряда Заднего ряда
Верхнего подъёма i /i/ u /u/
Среднего ряда ə /ə/
Нижнего подъёма a /a/

Также есть 2 дифтонга: -ay, -aw.

Литература

  • Adelaar, K. Alexander. 1992. Proto-Malayic: The Reconstruction of its Phonology and Parts of its Lexicon and Morphology. Pacific Linguistics, Series C, no. 119. Canberra: Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, the Australian National University.
  • Adelaar, K. Alexander. 1993. The Internal Classification of the Malayic Subgroup Архивная копия от 26 октября 2020 на Wayback Machine. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 56, No. 3 (1993), pp. 566–581.
  • Nothofer, Bernd. 1975. The reconstruction of Proto-Malayo-Javanic. (Verhandelingen van het KITLV, 73.) The Hague: Nijhoff.
  • Nothofer, Bernd. 1988. "A discussion of two Austronesian subgroups: Proto-Malay and Proto-Malayic." In Mohd. Thani Ahmad and Zaini Mohamed Zain (eds.) 1988. Rekonstruksi dan cabang-cabang Bahasa Melayu induk, pp. 34–58. Siri monograf sejarah bahasa Melayu. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

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