Два абсолюта

«Два абсолю́та» (кит. упр. 两个凡是, пиньинь Liǎng gè fán shì, палл. лянгэ фаньши) — политический принцип времён последнего периода «культурной революции» в Китае, основанный на лозунге «Абсолютно все решения, вынесенные Председателем Мао, мы должны стойко защищать, абсолютно все указания, данные Председателем Мао, мы должны неизменно соблюдать»[1] (кит. упр. 凡是毛主席作出的决策，我们都坚决维护，凡是毛主席的指示，我们都始终不渝地遵循, пиньинь fánshì Máozhǔxí zuòchū de juécè，wǒmen dōu jiānjué wéihù， fánshì Máozhǔxí de zhǐshì， wǒmen dōu shǐzhōngbùyú de zūnxún). Это положение вошло в программную статью «Изучай источники и постигай главное» (кит. 学好文件抓住纲), напечатанную 7 февраля 1977 года в центральной газете «Жэньминь жибао», в журнале «Хунци» («Красное знамя») и в центральной армейской газете «Цзефанцзюнь бао[англ.]» («Ежедневная газета НОАК»).

Лозунг был взят за основу председателем КПК Хуа Гофэном, последователем Мао, который остановил Культурную революцию и арестовал «банду четырёх». Лозунг не снискал ни одобрения мировой общественности, ни поддержки стремившихся провести рыночные реформы партийных функционеров во главе с Дэном Сяопином.

Начиная с 1980 года, лозунг был осуждён как ошибочный, что совпало с утратой Хуа Гофэном и его сторонниками из так называемой фракции «двух абсолютов» («малая банда четырёх») должностей в партии и государстве.

Примечания

  1. ↑ Дэн Сяопин. Избранное. Т.II. Пекин, 1995. С. 521 (Примечание 18).

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