Вельбот

Копия стандартного вельбота в морском музее «Mystic Seaport» в Коннектикуте, США

Вельбот (от англ. whaleboat — «китовая лодка») — быстроходная, относительно узкая, 4-8-вёсельная шлюпка с острыми образованиями носа и кормы. Гребцы располагаются по одному на банке, вёсла на правый и левый борт через одно. Благодаря одинаковому строению обеих оконечностей, вельбот не зарыскивает на попутной волне, хорошо проходит полосу прибоя. Кроме того, на нём одинаково легко грести и табанить. Первоначально использовали в китобойном промысле, за что и получил своё название. Позднее стали часто использовать как спасательный бот или при патрулировании пляжей, поскольку не требует времени для разворота.

Традиционно гребное судно, хотя при китовом промысле также имел съёмную мачту и паруса. Начиная со второй половины XIX века также оборудовали швертом (выдвижным килем). При движении под парусом управляли с помощью навесного руля, при гребле — кормовым веслом. При использовании в китобойном промысле на корме устанавливали прочный деревянный битенг, на котором рулевой удерживал гарпунный линь после попадания в кита. За него кит тащил вельбот, пока его не удавалось забить.

На современных военных кораблях «вельботами» иногда называют относительно лёгкие и быстроходные шлюпки для перевозки личного состава.

См. также

Литература

Ссылки

Словарь морских терминов: Вельбот

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