Napata

Coordonate: 18°32′00″N 31°49′00″E ({{PAGENAME}}) / 18.53333333°N 31.81666667°E
Napata
— *oraș, sit arheologic și oraș antic[]** —

Napata (Sudan) Poziția geografică în Sudan

Țară	Sudan
Statele Sudanului	Statul de Nord

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Napata^[1] (Veche egipteană Npt, NPY; Meroitic Napa, greacă veche Νάπατα^[2] și Ναπάται^[3]) a fost un oraș din vechiul Kuș la a patra cataractă a Nilului. Era situat la aproximativ 1,5 km de la malul drept al râului, pe locul Karimei din Sudanul de astăzi. A fost cea mai sudica așezare permanentă din Noul Regat al Egiptului (secolele XVI-XI î.Hr.) și adăpostea Jebel Barkal, principalul centru de cult kushit al lui Amon. A fost odată capitala dinastiei a douăzeci și cincea a Egiptului și, după căderea acesteia în 663 î.Hr., a Regatului Kuș. În 593 î.Hr., a fost jefuită de egipteni, iar capitala kușită a fost mutată la Meroë. Chiar și după această mutare, Napata a rămas principalul centru religios al regatului.^[4] Orașul a fost jefuit a doua oară de romani în anul 23 î.Hr., dar a fost reconstruit și a continuat să fie un centru important al cultului lui Amon.^[5]

Termenii „Napata” sau „Perioada Napata” se pot referi și la statul kușit de la apariția sa în jurul anului 750 î.Hr. până în 270 î.Hr., când Napata și-a pierdut în cele din urmă semnificația simbolică ca loc al înmormântărilor regale în favoarea Meroë. Perioada ulterioară a istoriei kușite, până la prăbușirea regatului, este numită meroitică.^[6]

Note

^ "Napata" in the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (2020).
^ Strabo, Geography, §17.1.54
^ Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, §N469.1
^ Kendall, Timothy (2016). A Visitor's Guide to The Jebel Barkal Temples. Khartoum. p. 7.
^ Timothy Kendall (2001), "Napata", in Donald B. Redford^⁠(d), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Oxford University Press.
^ Richard A. Lobban^⁠(d), "Napata", Historical Dictionary of Ancient and Medieval Nubia (Scarecrow, 2004), pp. 274–276.

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