Tolerância zero

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Tolerância zero é a política que impõe uma punição para cada infração de uma regra estabelecida.[1][2] A política de tolerância zero proíbe as pessoas em posições de autoridade de exercer discrição ou alterar as punições para se adequarem subjetivamente às circunstâncias; eles são obrigados a impor uma punição pré-determinada, independentemente das circunstâncias atenuantes ou história. Essa punição pré-determinada, seja leve ou severa, é sempre aplicada.

Políticas de tolerância zero são estudadas em criminologia e são comuns em sistemas de policiamento formais e informais em todo o mundo. Essas políticas também aparecem em situações informais em que pode haver assédio sexual ou uso indevido da Internet em ambientes educacionais e de trabalho.

Há poucas evidências que apoiem a alegada eficácia das políticas de tolerância zero. Um problema subjacente é que existem muitas razões pelas quais as pessoas hesitam em intervir ou em denunciar comportamentos que consideram inaceitáveis ​​ou ilegais. As políticas de tolerância zero abordam, na melhor das hipóteses, apenas algumas dessas razões.[3]

História

Foram os académicos James Wilson e Georges Kelling na revista norte-americana The Atlantic Monthly em 1982 quem primeiro definiu essa teoria sob esse nome, retomando um termo usado em 1973 para uma lei em Nova Jersey.[4][5][6]

A teoria é ilustrada pelo exemplo da "janela partida". Se uma janela de um prédio for partida e não for substituída imediatamente, alguns podem presumir que o prédio está abandonado e caindo aos pedaços. Como resultado, outras janelas correm o risco de ser partidas, pois os infratores consideram isso sem importância.[5]

Esta teoria é baseada em dois pressupostos:

  1. se o responsável por uma ofensa não for condenado imediatamente, é encorajado a reincidir;
  2. se os responsáveis ​​pelos delitos não forem condenados por cada delito com toda a severidade que a lei permite, passarão gradativamente de pequenos delitos a grandes delitos.

Logo, a única forma de evitar a recorrência e o agravamento das violações é agir imediatamente em cada uma delas. Ao condenar os responsáveis ​​imediatamente, eles serão convencidos de que qualquer ação contra a sociedade leva a uma reação imediata, e o sentimento de impunidade desaparecerá.

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ «Zero tolerance: definition & meaning». Dictionary.com (em inglês). Consultado em 28 de junho de 2023 
  2. ↑ «Zero tolerance». Cambridge Dictionary. Consultado em 28 de Junho de 2023 
  3. ↑ Rowe, Mary (e outros) (2009). «Dealing with — or Reporting — "Unacceptable" Behavior (With additional thoughts about the "Bystander Effect")». Journal of the International Ombudsman Association Vol 2 n 1 2009 
  4. ↑ Wacquant, Loïc (22 de julho de 2011). «Dagli Stati Uniti all'Europa: "Tolleranza zero", il credo si diffonde». Le Monde Diplomatique (Arq, em WayBack Machine) 
  5. ↑ a b Marshall, Jayne (Março de 1999). «Zero Tolerance Policing 1 Issue no. 9 March 1999 ZERO TOLERANCE POLICING» (PDF). Office of Crime Statistics and Research (Arq. em WayBack Machine). p. 2 
  6. ↑ Wilson, James; Kelling, George (Março de 1982). «The police and neighborhood safety: Broken Windows» (PDF). Consultado em 30 de Junho de 2023 

Bibliografia

  • Fenech, Georges (2001) - Tolerância zero : Acabar com a criminalidade e a violência urbana - Editorial Inquérito
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