Século I a.C.

Milénios: segundo milénio a.C. - primeiro milénio a.C. - primeiro milénio d.C.

Século II a.C. - Século I a.C. - Século I

No decorrer do século, todas as terras independentes remanescentes ao redor do mar Mediterrâneo foram constantemente colocadas sob o controle romano, sendo governadas diretamente por governadores ou por reis fantoches nomeados por Roma. O próprio estado romano mergulhou várias vezes na guerra civil, resultando finalmente na marginalização de sua República Romana de 500 anos e na incorporação do poder estatal total em um único homem - o imperador romano.

A turbulência interna que assolou Roma nessa época pode ser vista como a agonia da República Romana, quando finalmente deu lugar às ambições autocráticas de homens poderosos como Sula, Júlio César, Marco Antônio e Otaviano. A ascensão de Otaviano ao poder total como imperador Augusto é considerada um marco na história em que a República Romana termina e o Império Romano começa. Alguns estudiosos se referem a este evento como a Revolução Romana. O nascimento de Jesus, a figura central do Cristianismo, aconteceu no final deste século.

No continente oriental, a Dinastia Han começou a declinar e a corte da China estava um caos na segunda metade deste século. Presos em uma situação difícil, os Xiongnu tiveram que começar a emigração para o oeste ou ligar-se aos Han.

Eventos

África

Oriente Médio

  • 95-55 aC.': apogeu da Armênia sob o reinado de Tigranes, o Grande [4].
  • 67-63 a.C.: o trono da Judéia é o foco de um sério conflito entre os dois príncipes asmoneus Hircano II e Aristóbulo II. O governador Antípatro aliou-se aos romanos que permaneceram por um século na região, e em 63 a.C., o exército romano ocupa Jerusalém, e o General Pompeu entra no Templo de Jerusalém [5].
  • 64 a.C.: A Síria torna-se uma província romana [6]
  • 63 a.C..: A Judéia passa sob o protetorado romano [7]
  • Nascimento de Jesus Cristo, c. 4 a.C..

Ásia

  • 85 a.C.: os citas tomam Gandhara, no atual Paquistão, varrendo os reinos indo-gregos. O rei Mauès estabeleceu um reino indo-cita com Taxila como sua capital [8] Seus sucessores governarão até meados do século seguinte o leste do Afeganistão e o norte do Paquistão. Eles carregam o título grego de Basileus e governam por meio de sátrapas.
  • 72-27 aC.: a dinastia Canva sucede à dinastia Sunga e reina sobre o Reino de Mágada na Índia [9]
  • 57 a.C.: início do período dos Três Reinos da Coreia que vê confrontar três reinos principais e outros menores na Coreia e na Manchúria

Europa

América

  • 31 a.C.: primeira data conhecida na Mesoamérica descoberta na estela C do sítio de Tres Zapotes, atestando o uso de um calendário [18] O século I a.C. vê a consolidação dos traços característicos desta região, como o calendário, a escrita ou o jogo de bola, bem como o surgimento de importantes centros populacionais, dos quais a futura megalópole de Teotihuacan.

Personagens importantes

Décadas

Década de 90 a.C. | Década de 80 a.C. | Década de 70 a.C. | Década de 60 a.C. | Década de 50 a.C. | Década de 40 a.C. | Década de 30 a.C. | Década de 20 a.C. | Década de 10 a.C. | Década de 0 a.C.

Anos

100 a.C. | 99 a.C. | 98 a.C. | 97 a.C. | 96 a.C. | 95 a.C. | 94 a.C. | 93 a.C. | 92 a.C. | 91 a.C.

90 a.C. | 89 a.C. | 88 a.C. | 87 a.C. | 86 a.C. | 85 a.C. | 84 a.C. | 83 a.C. | 82 a.C. | 81 a.C.

80 a.C. | 79 a.C. | 78 a.C. | 77 a.C. | 76 a.C. | 75 a.C. | 74 a.C. | 73 a.C. | 72 a.C. | 71 a.C.

70 a.C. | 69 a.C. | 68 a.C. | 67 a.C. | 66 a.C. | 65 a.C. | 64 a.C. | 63 a.C. | 62 a.C. | 61 a.C.

60 a.C. | 59 a.C. | 58 a.C. | 57 a.C. | 56 a.C. | 55 a.C. | 54 a.C. | 53 a.C. | 52 a.C. | 51 a.C.

50 a.C. | 49 a.C. | 48 a.C. | 47 a.C. | 46 a.C. | 45 a.C. | 44 a.C. | 43 a.C. | 42 a.C. | 41 a.C.

40 a.C. | 39 a.C. | 38 a.C. | 37 a.C. | 36 a.C. | 35 a.C. | 34 a.C. | 33 a.C. | 32 a.C. | 31 a.C.

30 a.C. | 29 a.C. | 28 a.C. | 27 a.C. | 26 a.C. | 25 a.C. | 24 a.C. | 23 a.C. | 22 a.C. | 21 a.C.

20 a.C. | 19 a.C. | 18 a.C. | 17 a.C. | 16 a.C. | 15 a.C. | 14 a.C. | 13 a.C. | 12 a.C. | 11 a.C.

10 a.C. | 9 a.C. | 8 a.C. | 7 a.C. | 6 a.C. | 5 a.C. | 4 a.C. | 3 a.C. | 2 a.C. | 1 a.C.

  1. Florence Braunsten, op. cit, p. 864
  2. Collectif, Histoire générale de l'Afrique, vol. 2, UNESCO, 1985, 925 p
  3. Yann Le Bohec, La troisième légion Auguste, Éditions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1989, 632 p. (ISBN 978-2-222-03988-4)
  4. Claire Mouradian, L'Arménie : « Que sais-je ? » n° 851, Presses Universitaires de France, 2013, 128 p. (ISBN 978-2-13-062793-7)
  5. Christian-Georges Schwentzel, Hérode le Grand, Pygmalion, 2011, 326 p. (ISBN 978-2-7564-0649-7)
  6. Yann Le Bohec, Histoire des guerres Romaines : Milieu du VIIIe siècle avant J.-C. – 410 après J.-C., Tallandier, 2017, 608 p. (ISBN 979-10-210-2302-4)
  7. Geoffrey W. Bromiley, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia : E-J, vol. 2, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1995, 1175 p. (ISBN 978-0-8028-3782-0)
  8. Janos Harmatta, History of civilizations of Central Asia, vol. 2, UNESCO, 1994, 574 p. (ISBN 978-92-3-102846-5)
  9. Lionel D. Barnett, Antiquities of India : An Account of the History and Culture of Ancient Hindustan, Atlantic Publishers & Dist, 1999, 322 p. (ISBN 978-81-7156-442-2)
  10. Béatrice Leroy, L'aventure séfarade, Albin Michel, 2013, 222 p. (ISBN 978-2-08-081253-7)
  11. Marie-Pierre Arnaud-Lindet, Histoire et politique à Rome : les historiens romains iiie siècle av. J.-C. : ve siècle ap. J.-C., Éditions Bréal, 2001, 383 p. (ISBN 978-2-84291-772-2)
  12. Jean-Pierre Martin, Alain Chauvot, Mireille Cébeillac-Gervasoni, Histoire romaine, Armand Colin, 2010, 480 p. (ISBN 978-2-200-25838-2)
  13. George C. Kohn, Dictionary of Wars, New York, Infobase Publishing, 2007, 3rd éd., 692 p. (ISBN 978-1-4381-2916-7)
  14. Yann Le Bohec, Histoire des guerres Romaines : Milieu du VIIIe siècle avant J.-C. – 410 après J.-C., Tallandier, 2017, 608 p. (ISBN 979-10-210-2302-4)
  15. Kathryn Tempest, Cicero : Politics and Persuasion in Ancient Rome, Continuum, 2011, 256 p. (ISBN 978-1-84725-246-3)
  16. Paul M. Martin, Tuer César !, Éditions Complexe, 1988, 221 p. (ISBN 978-2-87027-248-0)
  17. Jacques Gaillard, Introduction à la littérature latine - 3e éd. : Des origines au Haut-Empire, Armand Colin, 2017, 160 p. (ISBN 978-2-200-61839-1)
  18. Dictionnaire de la Préhistoire : Les Dictionnaires d'Universalis, Encyclopaedia Universalis, 2017 (ISBN 978-2-341-00223-3)

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