Silhak

Silhak foi um movimento de reforma social confucionista coreano no final da dinastia Joseon. Sil significa "real" ou "prático", e hak significa "estudos" ou "aprendizagem". Desenvolveu-se em resposta à natureza cada vez mais metafísica do neoconfucionismo (성리학) que parecia desconectado das rápidas mudanças agrícolas, industriais e políticas que ocorreram na Coreia entre o final do século XVII e início do século XIX.[1] Silhak foi projetado para combater o seguimento "acrítico" dos ensinamentos confucionistas e a estrita adesão ao "formalismo" e "ritual" pelos neoconfucionistas.[2] A maioria dos estudiosos Silhak eram de facções excluídas do poder e outros estudiosos descontentes pedindo reforma.[3] Eles defendiam um confucionismo empírico profundamente preocupado com a sociedade humana no nível prático.[4]

Silhak
Nome em coreano
Hangul 실학
Hanja 實學
Romanização revisada silhak
McCune-Reischauer sirhak

Seus proponentes geralmente defendiam a reforma da rígida estrutura social confuciana, reformas agrárias para aliviar a situação dos camponeses, promovendo a própria identidade e cultura nacional da Coreia, incentivando o estudo da ciência e defendendo o intercâmbio de tecnologia com países estrangeiros.[5] Os estudiosos de Silhak queriam usar abordagens realistas e experimentais para problemas sociais com a consideração do bem-estar das pessoas.[6] Estudiosos de Silhak encorajaram a igualdade humana e avançaram em direção a uma visão mais centrada na história coreana.[5] A escola Silhak é creditada por ajudar a criar uma Coreia moderna.

Referências

  1. ↑ «Korea (historical nation, Asia) :: Silhak and popular culture - Britannica Online Encyclopedia». www.britannica.com (em inglês). Consultado em 2 de setembro de 2022. Arquivado do original em 30 de abril de 2008 
  2. ↑ Inc, Merriam-Webster (1999). Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions (em inglês). [S.l.]: Merriam-Webster 
  3. ↑ Kihl, Young Whan (2005). Transforming Korean Politics: Democracy, Reform, and Culture (em inglês). [S.l.]: M.E. Sharpe 
  4. ↑ «Korea Journal». www.ekoreajournal.net. Consultado em 2 de setembro de 2022. Arquivado do original em 26 de outubro de 2007 
  5. ↑ a b Lee, Sang Taek; Yi, Sang-tʻaek (1996). Religion and Social Formation in Korea: Minjung and Millenarianism (em inglês). [S.l.]: Walter de Gruyter 
  6. ↑ Ahn, Byong-Man; An, Pyŏng-man (2003). Elites and Political Power in South Korea (em inglês). [S.l.]: Edward Elgar 

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