Saxões da Transilvânia

Saxões da Transilvânia
Siweberjer Såksen
Camponeses saxões de Sibiu (c. 1900)
População total

12 000[1]

Regiões com população significativa
Roménia
     Transilvânia (principalmente)
Línguas
alemão, saxão da Transilvânia, romeno, húngaro
Religiões
Protestantismo
  
 85,5%
Igreja Ortodoxa
  
 9,5%
Irreligião
  
 5%
[2]
Etnia
Germanos
Grupos étnicos relacionados
Alemães, austríacos, flamengos, valões

Os saxões da Transilvânia (em saxão da Transilvânia Siweberjer Såksen, alemão Siebenbürger Sachsen, húngaro Erdélyi szászok e romeno Saşi) são pessoas de etnia alemã que se estabeleceram na Transilvânia a partir do século XII.[3]

Catedral luterana de Sibiu (em alemão Hermannstadt)
Igreja de Moşna, uma típica igreja fortificada saxã.

A colonização da Transilvânia por alemães foi iniciada pelo rei Géza II da Hungria (1141–1162). Por décadas, a principal tarefa dos colonos germânicos era defender a fronteira sudeste do Reino da Hungria. A colonização continuou até o fim do século XIII. Embora os assentadores proviessem principalmente da parte ocidental do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico e geralmente falassem dialetos francônios, eram coletivamente conhecidos como saxões em razão dos alemães que trabalhavam na chancelaria da corte húngara.

A população saxã da Transilvânia diminuiu drasticamente após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, tendo a maioria deixado a Hungria e a Romênia, estabelecendo-se inicialmente na Áustria, depois em outras nações, como nos Estados Unidos (principalmente Idaho e Colorado).

Referências

  1. ↑ McGrath, Stephen. «The last of Transylvania's Saxons». www.bbc.com (em inglês). Consultado em 6 de janeiro de 2023 
  2. ↑ Project, Joshua. «Saxon, Transylvanian in Romania». joshuaproject.net (em inglês). Consultado em 6 de janeiro de 2023 
  3. ↑ «Saxões da Transilvânia». Encyclopædia Britannica Online (em inglês). Consultado em 22 de novembro de 2019 
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