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Rio Mulucha

Rio Mulucha
Rio Mulucha
Vista aérea da desembocadura do Mulucha
Comprimento c. 600 km
Nascente junção do Médio e Alto Atlas
Altitude da nascente 1 835 m
Caudal médio 50 m³/s
Foz Mediterrâneo
Área da bacia 74 000 km²
País(es)  Marrocos
Rio Mulucha está localizado em: Marrocos
Rio Mulucha
Localização da foz do Mulucha em Marrocos
Coordenadas 35° 7' 26" N 2° 20' 30" O

Mulucha ou Moluia[1] (Malva em Antiguidade, em francês: Moulouya; em árabe: Muluya) é um dos rios mais importantes de Marrocos, que nasce na junção dos maciços montanhosos do Médio e Alto Atlas, na região de Almssid, na província de Quenifra, perto de Midelt, percorre 600 quilómetros e deságua no Mediterrâneo na zona do Rife, nas planícies de Kebdana, entre Ras El Ma e Saïdia, a 14 quilómetros da fronteira com a Argélia.

O Molucha constituía a fronteira oriental da efémera República do Rife, nos anos 1920. Tradicionalmente ,arcava a fronteira entre as dinastias reinantes em Marrocos e as reinantes na Argélia.

A bacia hidrográfica de 74 000 km² é a maior de Marrocos e de todos os rios saarianos do norte de África. Na foz forma um delta com 4 quilómetros de largura por 20 de comprimento. A zona pantanosa do delta constitui um enclave de interesse biológico com cerca de 3 000 hectares que está classificado como zona úmida Ramsar. Na bacia hidrográfica predomina o clima mediterrânico semiárido, com precipitações muito irregulares. O caudal médio é de 50 m³/s, mas é muito irregular, pelo que não é navegável.

Ao longo do seu curso existem cinco barragens (Maomé V, Machraa Hamadi, Haçane II, Enjil e Arabate).

Importância história

Na Antiguidade, o Mulucha foi a fronteira entre as províncias romanas da Mauritânia Tingitana e Mauritânia Cesariense. Os romanos chamavam esse rio de Malva. Posteriormente, constituiu o limite das zonas de influência de Castela, a oeste, e de Aragão, a leste, segundo o que foi acordado entre os reis Sancho IV de Castela e Jaime II de Aragão em 1291, no Tratado de Monteagudo. O seu curso baixo constituiu o limite oriental do Protetorado Espanhol de Marrocos.

Em termos culturais também é importante — por exemplo, tradicionalmente no lado oriental praticamente não se falava berbere, ao contrário do que se passa no lado ocidental.

Referências

  1. GEPB 1950s, p. 565.

Notas

O Commons possui uma categoria com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre Rio Mulucha

Bibliografia

  • Grande Enciclopédia Portuguesa e Brasileira Vol. XVII. Lisboa: Editorial Enciclopédia. 1950s 
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