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República (distrito de São Paulo)

República
República (distrito de São Paulo)
Área 2,3 km²
População (82°) 56.981[1] hab. (2010)
Densidade 186,10 hab/ha
Renda média R$ 1.497,41
IDH 0,901 - elevado (44°)
Subprefeitura
Região Administrativa Centro
Área Geográfica 9 Centro expandido
Distritos de São Paulo

República é um distrito situado na região central do município de São Paulo, a oeste da Praça da Sé, marco zero da cidade.[2] Forma, juntamente com o distrito da , o chamado Centro Histórico da capital paulista.

Localizam-se aí alguns dos pontos mais famosos do município, como a Praça da República, a Câmara Municipal de São Paulo, o Teatro Municipal, a Biblioteca Municipal Mário de Andrade, o Obelisco do Piques, o Palácio dos Correios, as avenidas Ipiranga e São João e o Largo do Arouche.

É atendido pela Linha 3-Vermelha e pela Linha 4-Amarela do Metrô de São Paulo.

Formação

As origens do distrito remontam à primeira efetiva expansão do núcleo principal da município a partir de sua colina central (o chamado Centro Velho, que hoje ocupa o distrito da Sé) para oeste do Rio Anhangabaú (atual Vale do Anhangabaú), especialmente durante a segunda metade do Século XIX e as primeiras décadas do início do século XX. A região do atual distrito República seria então chamada de Centro Novo em oposição à região do "centro velho".

Para tal, teve importante papel o aparecimento da Ladeira do Acu, no fim da qual posteriormente foi construída uma pequena ponte que permitiria a sequência de seu traçado para além das águas e do vale do mencionado rio. Este caminho seria batizado posteriormente de Rua de São João Batista e corresponde hoje ao trecho central Avenida São João, um dos principais eixos viários da região central do município. Também outro ponto de passagem era a chamada Ponte do Piques, que se localizava onde atualmente se encontra a Praça da Bandeira.[carece de fontes?]

A partir de então, o distrito, formado basicamente por chácaras, sendo a maior delas a do Marechal José Arouche de Toledo Rendon, foi ganhando ruas hoje ainda verificáveis no tecido urbano, como a Sete de Abril, Coronel Xavier de Toledo, Ypiranga (atual Avenida Ipiranga), entre outras. Formou-se também uma espaçosa área para que se pudesse praticar exercícios militares no município, a qual mais tarde daria lugar ao Largo do Arouche, e uma outra, que se constituía como ponto de diversão aos paulistanos da época com cavalhadas e corridas de touros: o Largo dos Curros, atual Praça da República, que deu nome ao distrito.[3]

No limite oeste a sudoeste da Praça da República, formou-se a o bairro da Vila Buarque, que estabelece ligações com Higienópolis.

Evolução demográfica do distrito da República [4]

Limites

A Galeria do Rock, localizada no distrito.

Distritos limítrofes

Notas

  1. População Recenseada, Taxas de Crescimento Populacional e Densidade Demográfica
  2. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. «O histórico de São Paulo» (PDF). Consultado em 27 de janeiro de 2012 
  3. POMPEU DE TOLEDO, Roberto. A Capital da Solidão. São Paulo. Objetiva, 2003, p. 307 e 308
  4. «Tabelas» 
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