Razakars (Hyderabad)

 Nota: Não confundir com Razakars (Paquistão).


Razakars
Razakars (Hyderabad)
Unidades Razakar sendo treinadas
Tipo Paramilitar
Fundação 1938
Extinção 1948
Propósito Apoio ao Nizam, Sir Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII, resistindo à integração do estado de Hyderabad na Índia
Sede Hyderabad
Filiação Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
Líder Bahadur Yar Jung
Qasim Razvi
Fundador(a) Bahadur Yar Jung
Área de influência Estado de Hyderabad

Os Razakars foram uma força paramilitar e guarda doméstica no estado de Hyderabad, cujos objetivos eram defender Hyderabad diante de uma invasão indiana.[1] Formada em 1938 por Bahadur Yar Jung,[2] a organização se expandiu consideravelmente durante a liderança de Qasim Razvi na época da anexação do país pela Índia. Embora associada principalmente ao partido político muçulmano Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (MIM), rapidamente começou a atrair dalits e outros hindus de Hyderabad para suas fileiras,[3] além de colaborar posteriormente com os comunistas em 1948.[4]

Durante o período de novembro de 1947 a agosto de 1948, quando Hyderabad estava sob um Acordo de Paralisação com a Índia, o governo indiano fez repetidas exigências ao Nizam de Hyderabad para dissolver os Razakars, que foram todas rejeitadas. Na posterior invasão armada lançada pela Índia, apelidada de "ação policial", os Razakars formaram a principal resistência ao Exército Indiano.[5] Depois de serem derrotados, o Nizam se rendeu e concordou em dissolver os Razakars.[6] Qasim Razvi foi inicialmente preso e depois autorizado a se mudar para o Paquistão, onde recebeu asilo.[7]

A organização se tornou um tópico renovado de discussão na Índia moderna devido a um filme histórico lançado em 2024 distorcendo a situação política em Hyderabad pré-1948 e promovendo propaganda antimuçulmana.[8][9]


Referências

  1. Ghayur, Syed Inam ur Rahman (17 de setembro de 2019). «Truth behind the Razakars». www.deccanchronicle.com (em inglês). Consultado em 4 de julho de 2024 
  2. Benichou, From Autocracy to Integration (2000), p. 99.
  3. Sayeed, Vikhar Ahmed (2 de novembro de 2023). «Hyderabad's dark history: A tale of two massacres». Frontline (em inglês). Consultado em 4 de julho de 2024 
  4. Joshi, Shashi (31 de dezembro de 2005). The Last Durbar (em inglês). [S.l.]: Roli Books Private Limited. ISBN 978-93-5194-080-7 
  5. (Kamat, Border incidents, internal disorder 2007, p. 220): "A little over 800 people died on both sides during the operation, with the Razakars suffering the majority of the casualties."
  6. Kamat, Border incidents, internal disorder (2007), p. 220.
  7. «Hate speech not new for Owaisi clan». The Times of India. 10 de janeiro de 2013 
  8. Sowmya Rajendran (26 de abril de 2024). «Razakar is a rabid Hindutva project that uses horrifying violence to peddle hate». thenewsminute.com 
  9. Swaroop Kodur (16 de março de 2024). «Razakar: A propaganda film on Hyderabad's annexation, ultra loud and agitated». thefederal.com. The Federal. Cópia arquivada em 24 de agosto de 2024 

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