Poliacetileno

Poliacetileno
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Nome IUPAC Polietino
Outros nomes Poliacetileno, PAc
Identificadores
Número CAS 25067-58-7
Propriedades
Fórmula molecular [C2H2]n
Solubilidade em água insolúvel
Riscos associados
Frases R R10
Frases S -
Página de dados suplementares
Estrutura e propriedades n, εr, etc.
Dados termodinâmicos Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Dados espectrais UV, IV, RMN, EM
Exceto onde denotado, os dados referem-se a
materiais sob condições normais de temperatura e pressão
Referências e avisos gerais sobre esta caixa.
Alerta sobre risco à saúde.

Poliacetileno (nome IUPAC: polyethyne, polietino) é um polímero orgânico com a unidade repetida (C2H2)n. A alta condutividade elétrica destes polímeros, descoberta nos anos 1970 aceleraram o interesse no uso de compostos orgânicos em microeletrônica (eletrônica orgânica). São também conhecidos poliacetilenos onde os átomos de hidrogênio são substituídos por grupos alquil.

Estrutura de poliacetileno

O polímero consiste de uma longa cadeia de átomos de carbono com ligações simples e duplas alterando-se, cada uma com um átomo de hidrogênio. Esquematicamente a estrutura de poliacetileno é mostrada abaixo.

Um segmento de trans-poliacetileno.

Distingue-se trans-poliacetileno, com todas as ligações duplas na configuração trans, do cis-poliacetileno, com todas as ligações duplas na configuração cis. Cada átomo de hidrogênio pode ser substituído por um grupo funcional.

Preparação

O acetileno polimeriza-se de uma maneira similar ao etileno: a polimerização pode ser efetuada com iniciadores aniônicos, catiônicos e radicais. Poliacetileno não é geralmente preparado por polimerização direta do acetileno, o qual é um gás altamente inflamável que oligomeriza-se incontrolavelmente a altas concentrações. A síntese mais comum usa polimerização de metátese de abertura de anel ("ROMP" de ring opening metathesis polymerisation) de moléculas como ciclooctatetraeno e derivados deste substituídos.[1][2][3]

Referências

  1. ↑ Jozefiak, T. H.; Ginsburg, E. J.; Gorman, C. B.; Grubbs, R. H.; Lewis, N. S."Voltammetric Characterization of Soluble Polyacetylene Derivatives Obtained from the Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) of Substituted Cyclooctatetraenes" Journal of the American Chemical Society 1993; volume 115, pages 4705-4713. doi:10.1021/ja00064a035
  2. ↑ Gorman, C. B. Ginsburg, E. J.; Grubbs, R. H. "Soluble, Highly Conjugated Derivatives of Polyacetylene from the Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Monosubstituted Cyclooctatetraenes: Synthesis and the Relationship Between Polymer Structure and Physical Properties" Journal of the American Chemical Society 1993, volume 115, pages 1397-1409. doi:10.1021/ja00057a024
  3. ↑ Langsdorf, Brandi, L.; Zhou, Xin; Lonergan, Mark C., "Kinetic Study of the Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Ionically Functionalized Cyclooctatetraenes" Macromolecules, 2001, volume 34, pages 2450-2458. doi:10.1021/ma0020685

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