ODESSA

 Nota: Este artigo é sobre a suposta organização secreta nazista. Para outros significados, veja Odessa (desambiguação).
ODESSA
ODESSA
Tropas estadunidenses entram em Bensheim, o local do campo KZ Bensheim-Auerbach, Março de 1945
Tipo Rede
Fundação supostamente 1944

ODESSA (sigla alemã de Organisation der ehemaligen SS-Angehörigen, que significa "Organização de antigos membros da SS") foi uma suposta organização nazista internacional secreta criada no final da Segunda Guerra Mundial por um grupo de oficiais da SS, com o objetivo de facilitar rotas de fuga secretas - mais tarde conhecidas como ratlines - para permitir que nazistas evitassem a captura e julgamentos por crimes de guerra e escapassem para a Argentina, o Brasil ou o Oriente Médio sob nomes falsos.[1]

A palavra-chave "Odessa" - como é conhecida pelos Aliados - apareceu pela primeira vez em um memorando datado de 3 de julho de 1946, pela American Contra-Corps (CIC), cujo papel principal era deslocar possíveis suspeitos. A CIC descobriu a ODESSA no campo de internamento KZ Bensheim-Auerbach para os antigos membros da SS que usaram essa palavra de ordem em suas tentativas secretas de obter privilégios especiais da Cruz Vermelha, escreveu o historiador Guy Walters, mas nem os estadunidenses nem os britânicos foram capazes de verificar tais reivindicações.[1]

A existência da organização é uma questão em disputa. Guy Walters, no seu livro Hunting Evil, alegou que era incapaz de encontrar qualquer evidência da existência da ODESSA, embora várias outras organizações, como Konsul, Scharnhorst, Sechsgestirn, Leibwache e Lustige Brüder tenham sido nomeadas,[1] incluindo a Spinne Die ("The Spider"), tenha sido executado em parte pelo chefe commando de Hitler, Otto Skorzeny.[2] O historiador Daniel Stahl em seu ensaio de 2011 afirmou que o consenso entre os historiadores é que a ODESSA na verdade nunca existiu.[3]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ a b c Guy Walters (2010). Hunting Evil: The Nazi War Criminals Who Escaped and the Quest to Bring Them to Justice. [S.l.]: Crown/Archetype. ISBN 0307592480 – via Google Books, preview 
  2. ↑ Guy Walters (2010). Hunting Evil. [S.l.: s.n.] pp. 139–142 
  3. ↑ Daniel Stahl, "Odessa und das 'Nazigold' in Südamerika: Mythen und ihre Bedeutungen" ('Odessa and "Nazi Gold" in South America: Myths and Their Meanings') Jahrbuch fuer Geschichte Lateinamerikas (2011), Vol. 48, pp 333-360.

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