Nabateus

Mapa do Império Romano durante o reinado de Adriano (117-138 d.C.), mostrando a localização dos Arabes Nabataei nas regiões desérticas em torno da província romana da Arábia Pétrea.
Al Khazneh, Petra (capital nabateia).
Shivta, Israel.

Os nabateus (em árabe: الأنباط al-ʾAnbāṭ) foram um antigo povo semítico, ancestrais dos árabes, que habitavam a região norte da Arábia, o sul da Jordânia e Canaã, em especial os diversos povoados situados em torno dos oásis na região fronteiriça entre a Síria e a Arábia, do Eufrates ao mar Vermelho. Constituíam uma rede comercial com alguma administração central; a agricultura era praticada intensivamente em certas áreas limitadas, e nas rotas que as conectavam, apesar de não terem fronteiras definidas nos desertos que as cercavam. O imperador romano Trajano conquistou o Reino Nabateu, anexando-o ao Império Romano, onde a cultura particular dos nabateus, facilmente identificada pela sua refinada e característica pintura em cerâmica, acabou por se dispersar em meio à cultura greco-romana, terminando por se perder.

História

Antes conhecidos como os Edomitas, tiveram origem no bíblico Esaú, irmão de Jacó, filhos de Isaac e netos do patriarca Abraão. Esaú, quando se zangou com o seu irmão Jacó, partiu e fundou a cidade de Edom.

Os nabateus foram um povo rico nos seus costumes e rituais religiosos. A sua mitologia está repleta de deuses e deusas que eram motivo de adoração e inspiração artística.

Dhu Shara era o seu deus principal, um deus anicónico muito idêntico ao deus de Israel Yahweh. Isto faz sentido porque Edom foi o nome que Esaú assumiu depois de se ter zangado com seu irmão, e o seu irmão Jacob foi chamado de Israel. Por este motivo é muito natural que o deus adorado por estes dois povos irmãos sejam o mesmo, apenas com nomes diferentes.

Outros deuses dos Nabateus: al-Qaum, Alilat, Uza, al-Kutbay e Manah.

Bibliografia

  • Negev, Avraham, Nabataean Archaeology Today (Nova York: New York University Press) 1986.
  • Petra: Lost City of Stone catálogo da mostra, 2006-07. (site da mostra)

Ligações externas

Ver também

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