Maria de Gueldres ou Maria de Egmond (Grave, 17 de janeiro de 1433 — Edimburgo, 1 de dezembro de 1463) foi a rainha consorte de Jaime II da Escócia e serviu de regente para aquele país de 1449 a 1460.[1]
Maria era a mais velha dos cinco filhos do duque Arnaldo de Gueldres, e de Catarina de Cleves, filha do duque Adolfo I de Cleves.
Aos dezesseis anos, em 3 de julho de 1449, casou com Jaime II da Escócia, no Palácio de Holyrood, e eles tiveram sete filhos:
Após a morte acidental de seu esposo, em 1460, Maria tornou-se regente do reino escocês em favor de seu filho Jaime, que tinha apenas nove anos então, até a sua morte, três anos depois.
Ela participou de forma indireta da Guerra das Rosas que acontecia na Inglaterra na época. Enquanto ainda estava de luto pela morte de Jaime II, a rainha lancastrina Margarida de Anjou fugiu para a Escócia em busca de refúgio dos iorquistas e Maria lhe estendeu a mão e acolheu Eduardo de Westminster em sua casa para mantê-lo longe dos inimigos.
Maria cedeu tropas escosesas para ajudar Margarida e a causa lancastrina, e, em 1461, as duas rainhas chegaram a organizar o noivado entre o príncipe Eduardo e a irmã mais nova de Jaime III, Margarida. Em troca de seu apoio, Maria queria a cidade fronteiriça de Berwick, a qual Margarida pretendia ceder.
Todavia as relações entre ambas diminuíram com a aliança crescente entre o rei Eduardo IV da Inglaterra e o duque Filipe da Borgonha, que era tio de Maria e, caso ela demonstrasse amizade para Margarida, inimiga de Eduardo, isto poderia ameaçar a aliança que Filipe precisava com o rei Eduardo contra o rei Luís XI da França.
Eduardo tentou evitar o apoio de Maria a Margarida propondo casamento à rainha viúva, mas ela recusou. Filipe pressionou-a a desfazer o noivado entre a princesa Margarida da Escócia e o príncipe Eduardo para desapontamento de Margarida.
Maria faleceu aos trinta anos e seu corpo foi sepultado na antiga Igreja Colegiada da Trindade, que ela fundara três anos antes em memória de seu esposo. Ela se localizava na área atualmente conhecida como a Milha Real de Edimburgo, tendo sido demolida, em 1848, para abrir caminho para uma estação ferroviária. Atualmente, seus restos mortais repousam na Abadia de Holyrood.
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