Mar Frísio

Mar de Wadden ★

Vista da ilha Neuwerk perto de Hamburgo, no mar de Wadden. Foto tirada da ESE em uma alta de 4 600 pés e uma distância de 20 000 pés
Tipo Natural
Critérios viii, ix, x
Referência 1314
Região ♦ Europa e América do Norte
País  Países Baixos
Histórico de inscrição
Inscrição 2009

★ Nome usado na lista do Património Mundial

 ♦ Região segundo a classificação pela UNESCO

O mar de Wadden ou mar Frísio (Wattenmeer em alemão, Waddenzee em neerlandês, Waadsee em frísio, Wattensee em baixo-alemão e Vadehavet em dinamarquês) é um mar situado entre as ilhas Frísias e o mar do Norte por um lado e as costas neerlandesa, alemã e dinamarquesa por outro. Formado por planícies marítimas, é muito pouco profundo, inclusivamente durante a maré baixa, quando consiste em grandes planícies arenosas interrompidas por canais de drenagem que evacuam a água (de facto, é possível atravessá-lo a pé, do continente às ilhas ou vice-versa). Há também grandes correntes. Tem cerca de 450 km de comprimento e entre 5 e 30 km de largura, com uma área de cerca de 10 000 km².

Em 26 de junho de 2009 o mar Frísio foi declarado Património Mundial pela UNESCO.[1]

Meio ambiente

Mapa mostrando o Mar de Wadden em azul escuro
Pântano de sal e lamaçais em Westerhever, Alemanha

A palavra wad é frísio e holandês para "lama plana" (baixo alemão e em alemão: Watt, em dinamarquês: Vade). A área é caracterizada por extensas planícies de lama de maré, trincheiras de maré mais profundas (riachos de maré) e as ilhas que estão contidas neste, uma região continuamente disputada por terra e mar.[2]

A paisagem foi formada em grande parte pelas marés de tempestade nos séculos 10 a 14, transbordando e levando antigas turfeiras atrás das dunas costeiras. As ilhas atuais são um remanescente das antigas dunas costeiras.

Em direção ao Mar do Norte, as ilhas são marcadas por dunas e praias de areia larga, e em direção ao Mar de Wadden uma costa baixa e de maré. O impacto das ondas e correntes que transportam sedimentos está mudando lentamente as massas de terra e as costas. Por exemplo, as ilhas de Vlieland e Ameland moveram-se para leste ao longo dos séculos, tendo perdido terras de um lado e adicionando-as do outro.[3]

Referências

  1. ↑ «UNESCO World Heritage Centre - Wadden Sea (...) inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List». whc.unesco.org. Consultado em 26 de junho de 2009 
  2. ↑ Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980). Natural Wonders of the World. United States of America: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. pp. 408–409. ISBN 0-89577-087-3 
  3. ↑ @NatGeoNL (18 de dezembro de 2018). «Wandelende waddeneilanden: hoelang blijven 'onze' eilanden nog bij ons?» [Walking Wadden Islands: how long will 'our' islands stay with us?]. National Geographic (em neerlandês). Consultado em 8 de setembro de 2022 

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