Mar do Norte

Mar do Norte

O mar do Norte visto
do espaço (NASA).

Localização
Continente
Localização
Q20, Q35, Q183, Q55, Q31, Q142 e Q145
Parte de
Oceano Atlântico Norte (d)
Coordenadas
Dimensões
Altitude
0 m
Comprimento máximo
960 km
Superfície
570 000 km2
Profundidade média
700 m
Hidrografia
Tipo
northern sea (d)
Países da
bacia hidrográfica
Afluentes
Rio Eider
Rio Elba
Rio Mosa
Rio Reno
River Great Ouse (en)
Rio Tâmisa
Rio Weser
Rio Aa
Humber
Oude Rijn (en)
River Blackwater (en)
River Colne (en)
River Coquet (en)
River Dee (en)
River Don (en)
River Nene (en)
River South Esk (en)
River Stour (en)
River Tees (en)
Rio Tweed
Rio Tyne
Rio Wear
River Yare (en)
River Ythan (en)
Rio Yser
Arlau (en)
Asheldham Brook (en)
Barry Burn (en)
Benser Tief (d)
Bervie Water (en)
Boudewijnkanaal (d)
Brielse Maas (en)
Bytham River (en)
Canal Dunkerque-Escaut (en)
Canal of Blankenberge (d)
Chelmer and Blackwater Navigation (en)
Cowie Water (en)
Elliot Water (en)
Figgjoelva (en)
Godel (en)
Great Eau (en)
Gypsey Race (en)
Hååna (d)
Haringvliet (en)
Harle (en)
Hooksieler Tief (d)
Husumer Mühlenau (en)
Kongeå (en)
Leopold Canal (en)
Leysiel (d)
Minsmere River (en)
Neuharlingersiel Tief (d)
Nieuwe Waterweg (en)
North Sea Canal (en)
Numedalslågen (en)
Oosterschelde (en)
Q1649829
Rio Alde
River Aln (en)
River Burn (en)
River Crouch (en)
River Deben (en)
River Eden (en)
River Glaven (en)
River Hun (en)
River Lymn (en)
River Lyne (d)
River Mun (en)
River North Esk (en)
Rio Ore (Inglaterra)
Rio Orwell
River Oykel (en)
River Shin (en)
River Spey (en)
River Stiffkey (en)
River Tyne (en)
River Ugie (en)
River Wansbeck (en)
Rio Escalda
Skjern River (en)
Varde River (en)
Rio Vidå
Wangertief (d)
Western Scheldt (en)
Winschoterdiep (en)
Bacia hidrográfica
História
Origem do nome
Mapa

O mar do Norte é um mar do oceano Atlântico, situado entre as costas da Noruega e da Dinamarca ao leste, a costa das Ilhas Britânicas ao oeste e a Alemanha, Países Baixos, Bélgica e França ao sul e banha o principado não-reconhecido de Sealand.[1]

Uma baía do mar do Norte, chamada Escagerraque, localizada entre a Dinamarca, a Noruega e a Suécia, que se comunica ao Categate, faz a sua ligação com o mar Báltico. A comunicação entre o Categate e o mar Báltico se faz através do estreito de Öresund, do Grande Belt e do Pequeno Belt. O mar do Norte conecta-se com o resto do Atlântico ao sul, através do estreito de Dover ou canal da Mancha e ao norte através do mar da Noruega.

Entre as cidades mais importantes da costa do mar do Norte, podem-se citar Aberdeen, Dunquerque, Haia, Haarlem, Roterdã, Bremerhaven, Cuxhaven, Wilhelmshaven, Esbjerg (Dinamarca) e Bergen (Noruega). Através do Weser e do Elba podemos acrescentar Bremen e Hamburgo como os principais portos alemães do mar do Norte.

Geografia

A superfície do mar do Norte é de aproximadamente 575 000 km², o volume aquático é de cerca de 54 000 km³.

Em sua maior parte, o mar está sobre a plataforma continental europeia com a profundidade principal de 90 metros.[2] A única exceção é a fossa norueguesa, que estende-se paralela ao litoral de Oslo à área ao norte de Bergen.Tem entre 20 e 30 km de largura e profundidade máxima de 725 m.[3]

A Dogger Bank, uma vasta morena, de acumulação de debris glaciais não consolidados, repousa a apenas 15 a 30 metros abaixo da superfície.[4][5] Essa característica produziu o melhor ponto de pesca do mar do Norte. O Long Forties e o Broad Fourteens são grandes áreas com profundidades uniformes de fathoms, (40 fathoms e 14 fathoms ou 73 e 26 m de profundidade, respectivamente). Esses grandes bancos e outros fazem o mar do Norte particularmente perigoso para navegar,[6] o que tem sido aliviado pela implementação de sistemas de navegação por satélite.[7] The Devil's Hole lies 200 milhas (320 km) leste de Dundee, Escócia. A característica é uma série de fossas assimétricas longa entre 20 e 30 km, com 2 a 3 km de largura de largura, e até 230 metros de profundidade.[8]

Outras áreas com menor profundidade são Cleaver Bank, Fisher Bank e Noordhinder Bank.

Mapa do mar do Norte
(1796).
Mapa atual do mar do
Norte.
Em vermelho a Passagem do
Nordeste
que liga o Mar do
Norte ao oceano Pacífico.

Rios e estuários

Os principais rios que desaguam no mar do Norte são o Elba (em Cuxhaven), o Weser (em Bremerhaven), o Ems em Emden, o Reno e o Mosa (em Roterdão ou Roterdã), o Escalda (em Flushing), o Tâmisa ou Tamisa e o estuário Humber (em Hull).[1]

Recursos naturais

Existem importantes reservas de petróleo e gás natural abaixo do seu leito, e suas águas são muito exploradas pela pesca.[1]

Ver também

Referências

  1. a b c «Mar do Norte». infopedia.pt. Consultado em 19 de janeiro de 2012 
  2. Calow, Peter (1999). Blackwell's Concise Encyclopedia of Environmental Management. [S.l.]: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-632-04951-0. Consultado em 15 de março de 2017 
  3. «Limits in the seas: North Sea continental shelf boundaries» (PDF). U.S. Department of State. United States Government. 14 de junho de 1974. Consultado em 15 de março de 2014 
  4. Ostergren, Robert Clifford; John G. Rice (2004). The Europeans: A Geography of People, Culture, and Environment (Digitized by Google Books online). Bath, UK: Guilford Press. p. 62. ISBN 0-89862-272-7. Consultado em 15 de março de 2017 
  5. Dogger Bank. [S.l.]: Maptech Online MapServer. 1989–2008. Consultado em 15 de março de 2017. Arquivado do original em 11 de julho de 2012 
  6. Tuckey, James Hingston (1815). Maritime Geography and Statistics ... (Digitized 2 May 2007 by Google Books online). [S.l.]: Black, Parry & Co. p. 445. ISBN 9780521311915. Consultado em 15 de março de 2017 
  7. Bradford, Thomas Gamaliel (1838). Encyclopædia Americana: A Popular Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature, History, Politics, and Biography, Brought Down to the Present Time; Including a Copious Collection of Original Articles in American Biography; on the Basis of the Seventh Edition of the German Conversations-lexicon (Digitized 11 October 2007 by Google Books online). [S.l.]: Thomas, Cowperthwait, & co. p. 445. ISBN 9780521311915. Consultado em 15 de março de 2017 
  8. Alan Fyfe (1983). «The Devil's Hole in the North Sea». The Edinburgh Geologist (14). Consultado em 15 de março de 2017. Arquivado do original em 1 de dezembro de 2008 

Ligações externas

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