Luísa de França

Luísa Maria
Princesa de França
Luísa de França
Retrato por Jean-Marc Nattier, 1748
Nascimento 15 de julho de 1737
  Palácio de Versalhes, Versalhes, França
Morte 23 de dezembro de 1787 (50 anos)
  Convento de Saint-Denis, Paris, França
Sepultado em Basílica de Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, França
Nome completo Luísa Maria
Casa Bourbon
Pai Luís XV de França
Mãe Maria Leszczyńska
Religião Catolicismo
Assinatura Assinatura de Luísa Maria

Luísa Maria de França (Louise Marie; Versalhes, 15 de julho de 1737Saint-Denis, 23 de dezembro de 1787) foi a última filha do rei Luís XV de França e da rainha Maria Leszczyńska.

Biografia

Foi educada na Abadia de Fontevraud com as outras três irmãs mais novas.[1] Fez notar por seu espírito e também por seu orgulho. Não hesitava em reclamar quando as pessoas a seu serviço não se levantavam ao vê-la entrar dizendo ser a filha do rei (o que fez sua preceptora retrucar: "e eu, Madame, eu sou filha de Deus").[2]

Volta à corte em 1750, com a idade de 13 anos.[3] Permanece sempre como uma princesa distanciada, fugindo da vida social, procurando conforto e coragem na religião. Luís XV, seu pai, planeja diversos casamentos para a filha, mas nenhum deles se realiza. Em 1748, por exemplo, quando Maria Luísa ainda estava na Abadia de Fontevraud, rumores pretendiam que seu pai lhe destinava o príncipe Carlos Eduardo, o pretendente Stuart ao trono inglês, como marido. Madame Luísa declarou então: "Não tenho razão de estar inquieta, já que me destinam um esposo, quando eu não quero outro senão Jesus Cristo?".[2]

Visita de Luís XV a Madame Luísa de França; óleo de Maxime Le Boucher

Em 1770, quando toda a corte prepara o casamento do delfim, futuro rei Luís XVI, e de Maria Antonieta[4][5], para surpresa geral, Luísa solicita ao pai a autorização de se fazer carmelita.[2] Ela tinha a crença sincera e a vontade de resgatar por seu sacrifício a alma pecadora do pai, conhecido devasso.[6]

Ela toma o hábito em 10 de outubro de 1770 e faz seus votos em 12 de setembro de 1771 no carmelo de Saint-Denis[7], o "mais pobre carmelo de França", segundo rumores, onde a regra era bastante rude. Madame Luísa desapareceu nesse lugar santo, tornando-se sua prioreza de 1773 a 1779[8], e depois de 1785 até sua morte em 23 de dezembro de 1787.[9] Suas últimas palavras foram: "Para o Paraíso! Rápido! No galope!".[10]

Em 1873, foi declarada Venerável Madre Thérèse de Saint-Augustin.[2]

Ancestrais

Referências

  1. Simone Poignant, L'Abbaye de Fontevrault et les filles de Louis XV, Paris, Nouvelles éditions latines, 1966, p. 186.
  2. a b c d Latour, Louis Therese (1927). Princesses Ladies and Salonnières of the Reign of Louis XV. Traduzido por Ivy E. Clegg. [S.l.]: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. 
  3. Latour, Louis Therese (1927). Princesses Ladies and Salonnières of the Reign of Louis XV. Traduzido por Clegg, Ivy E. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.
  4. Hare, Augustus John Cuthbert, North-Eastern France, Macmillan, 1896, p. 143.
  5. Markham, Jacob Abbott, A History of France, Harper & Brothers, 1863, p. 143.
  6. Vincent, Bernard, Louis XVI, Folio, coll. "Folio biographies", February 2006, 368 p. ISBN 978-2070307494, p. 23.
  7. Baedeker, Karl, Paris and Environs with Routes from London to Paris, Dulau, 1898, p. 348.
  8. L. Dussieux, Généalogie de la maison de Bourbon de 1256 à 1871 (Paris: Jacques Lecoffre, 1872), 107.
  9. Leathes, Stanley, The religion of the Christ, its historic and literary development, Oxford University, 1874, p. 356
  10. Vénérable Marie-Louise de France disponível em nominis.cef.fr (em francês). Consultado em 22 de setembro de 2016].
  11. Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (em francês). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 12 
  12. Żychliński, Teodor (1882). Złota księga szlachty polskiéj: Rocznik IVty (em polaco). [S.l.]: Jarosław Leitgeber. p. 1. Consultado em 1 de agosto de 2018 
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