Limão-cravo

Nota: Se procura por outro fruto, também conhecido por limão-galego, veja lima comum.

Limão-cravo

Reino:	Plantae
Divisão:	Magnoliophyta
Classe:	Magnoliopsida
Ordem:	Sapindales
Família:	Rutaceae
Género:	Citrus
Espécie:	C. × limonia

Nome binomial

Citrus × limonia
Osbeck

O limão-cravo (nome científico: Citrus × limonia), fruta do limoeiro-cravo, é uma fruta cítrica também conhecida no Brasil sob os nomes comuns de limão-rosa, limão-cavalo, limão-egua, limão-francês, limão-capeta, limão-china, limão-vinagre e limão tambaqui.^[1] É chamado limão-galego em algumas regiões do Brasil, como Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Goiás e o Pará.^[2] (Em outras partes do Brasil, limão-galego é o nome comum de uma lima ácida, de casca fina e esverdeada-amarelada.)

O limoeiro-cravo, um arbusto espinhento,^[3] é subespontâneo nas montanhas, pastos ou beiras de rios, no Centro-Oeste (Goiás, Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul), no Sudeste (Minas Gerais, São Paulo) e no Sul (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul).^[4] Chega a 5–6 m de altura. As folhas são de um verde intenso e aromáticas. As flores são pequenas, cheirosas e melíferas.^[5]

O limão-cravo é um fruto redondo, ligeiramente achatado, mas irregular, quase disforme. A casca, de cor verde-amarelada ou amarela, toma uma forte cor alaranjada na maturação, mas tem manchas e uma aparência grosseira, e é suscetível ao ataque de fungos e doenças. A polpa é de aparência geralmente sã, alaranjada, com um suco abundante, muito ácido, saboroso e rico em vitamina C.^[5]

Origem

A espécie é provavelmente um híbrido entre tangerina e cidra,^[6] ou entre tangerina e limão, provavelmente de origem indiana: em meados do século XIX, segundo Joseph Dalton Hooker, encontrava-se nos vales ao pé do Himalaia.^[7]

Usos

O suco do limão-cravo serve como tempero e refresco, mas é pouco comercializado.^[5]

As folhas são usadas como tempero.

O limoeiro-cravo é um porta-enxerto muito utilizado na citricultura paulista, por ser resistente à seca e favorecer a produtividade das plantas enxertadas nele.^[1] Daí o nome comum limão-cavalo.

Ver também

Referências

↑ ^a ^b José Eduardo O. de Lima, 2005, Limão Cravo.
↑ Neide Rigo, 2009, Que limão é esse? Um vídeo sobre o limão.
↑ FloraSBS, Citrus x limon - Limão-cravo.
↑ J.R. Pirani, 2010, Citrus, in Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.
↑ ^a ^b ^c "Juliano", Fruta - Limão-cravo
↑ (em inglês) Nicolosi, E.; Deng, Z.N.; Gentile, A.; La Malfa, S.; Continella, G. & Tribulato, E., 2000, Citrus phylogeny and genetic origin of important species as investigated by molecular markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 100(8): 1155-1166. doi:10.1007/s001220051419 (resumo em HTML).
↑ J. Morton, 1987, Mandarin Lime (em inglês), p. 178–179. In Fruits of warm climates. Julia F. Morton, Miami, FL.

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