Línguas peáricas

Línguas peáricas
Distribuição
geográfica
Indochina
Classificação linguística Austro-asiática
  • Peárico
Subdivisões
  • Chong
  • Pear

As línguas Peáricas são um dos três grupos do ramo oriental Mon–Khmer da família linguística austro-asiática, os outros sendo as línguas bahrânicas (subdivididas em bahrânico do oeste, do norte e do sul), as katuicas e as peáricas propriamente, composto de cinco línguas (Suoy/So'ong, Samrê, Pear/Por, Somray, Saoch/Cu'ung) ameaçadas de extinção faladas pelo povo Pear (os Por, os Samré, Samray, Suoy e os Chong) que vive no oeste do Camboja e no sudeste da Tailândia.[1][2] Possuem aproximadamente 1650 falantes no total, notadamente bem menos do que os demais grupos do mesmo ramo, cujos falantes ultrapassam 100.000 indivíduos (as línguas bahnáricas, por exemplo, são faladas por mais de 700.000 pessoas ao longo do Vietnã, Camboja e Laos) .[3]

As línguas Peáricas são os últimos representantes das línguas indígenas do Camboja, cujos números têm diminuído em decorrência da assimilação cultural pela maioria Khmer. Seu nome deriva de uma das línguas, a 'Pear' ou 'Por' (ព័រ em Khmer). No Camboja, "pear" é um termo pejorativo que significa escravo ou casta.

Classificação

Comumente são divididas em cinco de acordo com sua geolocalização e etnia, segundo Bourdier: na Província de Pursat e Koh Kong tem-se o povo Chong com o Pear de Siam e o povo Samrê com o Samrê de Siem Riap. Em Kompong Thom estendendo-se até as Montanhas Cardamomo se tem o povo Pear com cerca de 1440 indivíduos falantes do Pear do leste e o Pear do oeste e em Kampot e também na região do Cardamomo o grupo Saoch com sua língua Saoch com aproximadamente 35 famílias/175 indivíduos falantes.[4]

Outro autor, Paul Sidwell propôs a seguinte classificação das línguas Peáricas (Sidwell 2009:137), sintetizando as análises de Headley (1985), Choosri (2002), Martin (1974) e Peiros (2004)[5] Ele divide o Peárico em dois principais ramos (Pear e Chong), com Chong sendo dividido em quatro grupos.

  • Pear de Kompong Thom (Baradat ms.)
  • Chong
    • Do sul
      • Suoi de Kampong Speu (Pannetier ms., Baradat ms.)
      • Saoch, dois dialetos:
        • Chung do Camboja - Phum Veal Renh, Distrito de Prey Nob em Kampong Som (Isara Chooseri 2007), (Pannetier ms.)
        • Chung da Tailândia - Kanchanaburi (Isara Chooseri 2007)
    • Ocidental (Chong)
      • Chong de Chantaburi (Baradat ms.)
      • (Ramo)
        • Chong həəp (Martin, 1974)
        • Khlong Phlu Chong (Siripen Ungsitibonporn De 2001)
      • (Ramo)
        • Chong lɔɔ (Martin, 1974)
        • Wang Kraphrae Chong (Siripen Ungsitibonporn De 2001)
        • Chong (Huffman, De 1983)
    • Central (Samre)
      • Samre de Pursat
      • Samre (Pornsawan Ploykaew De 2001)
      • Chong (Baradat ms.)
      • Kasong (Noppawan Thongkham 2003), historicamente chamado de Chong de Trat (Pannetier ms., Isarangura 1935)
    • Do norte (Somray)

Descrição linguística

Fonologia

O inventário reconstruído para o proto-peárico:[6]

labial alveolar palato-
alveolar
velar glotal
Consoante obstruente [- contínua] *p *t, (*d) *č, (*ʤ) *k
[+ contínua] *s *h
Nasal *m *n
Lateral *l
Vibrante *r
Semivogal *w *y
  • Também se foi reconstruído grupos iniciais complicados como ataque silábico /*ph, *th, *čh, *kh/, /*pr, *tr, *kr, *sr/, /*pl, *tl, *sl/, /*tm, *km/, /*tn, *kn/, /*tm, *km/, /*tŋ, *čŋ, *sŋ/, /*kd, *sk/ y posiblemente /*ps/.
  • Alguns dos sons anteriores somente podem aparecer ao final da palavra /*-ɲ, *-ŋ, *-y, *-w/ enquanto que /*s-, *h-/ somente podem aparecer no início (embora existam dúvidas sobre a possível existência do grupo /*ps/).

Comparação léxica

Os numerais comparados de diferentes línguas peáricas são:[7]

GLOSA Ocidental Oriental PROTO-
PEÁRICO
Chong Samre Somray Suoy Pear
1 mo̤ːʔj mo̤ːj mṳːj muːj muəj *muəj
2 pʰa̤ːʔj pa̤ːr pa̤ːr par piər̃ *paːr
3 pʰeːʔw pʰeːʔ pʰa̤j pʰeˀj paj *phaj
4 pʰoːʔn pʰo̤ːn pʰo̤ːn pʰɔun paon *phoːn
5 pʰram pram pram pʰram prăm *phram
6 katɔːŋ krɔːŋ kruːŋ kʰdaːŋ prăm muəj *kadoːŋ
7 kanṳːj kənuːl kʰnuːl kʰnuːl prăm piər̃ *khənuːl
8 katiː kətej kətiː kratej prăm paj *kratiː
9 kacha̤ːj kənsaːr kɤnsaːr kansar prăm paon *kənsaːr
10 ra̤ːj raːj raːj raːj (dɑp) *raːj

A forma do suoy para '10' (de forma igual às outras, parcialmente, anteriores a 5) é um empréstimo do cambojano.

Referências

  1. «Overview of the distribution of Pear (Por) people in Cambodia». ngoforum.org. Consultado em 11 de outubro de 2007. Arquivado do original em 21 de setembro de 2007 
  2. «Pearic languages». Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Encyclopædia Britannica. Consultado em 19 de novembro de 2007 
  3. Bon, Noëllie (2014). Une Grammaire de la langue stieng (Langue en danger du Cambodge et du Vietnam) (em francês). [S.l.]: Université Lumière Lyon 2 
  4. Bourdier, Frédéric (2009). Ethnographie des populations indigènes du nord-est cambodgien. Paris: L'Harmattan. pp. 145–146 
  5. Sidwell, Paul (2009).
  6. D. Thomas, R. K. Healy, 1970, p. 401
  7. «Pearic Numerals (E. Chan)». Consultado em 11 de novembro de 2016. Arquivado do original em 29 de abril de 2014 

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