Semivogal

Modos de articulação
Obstruente
Oclusiva
Africada
Fricativa
Sibilante
Soante
Nasal
Vibrante
Simples
Múltipla
Aproximante
Líquida
Vogal
Semivogal
Lateral
Fluxo de ar
Ejetiva
Implosiva
Clique
Esta página contém informações sobre fonética usando AFI, e podem ser exibidos incorretamente em alguns navegadores. Saiba mais

Uma semivogal é uma vogal assilábica ou uma consoante aproximante que se assemelha a uma vogal, que são utilizadas em conjunto com outras vogais na mesma sílaba, podendo formar ditongos e tritongos.[1]

O termo semivogal normalmente é considerado como sinônimo de glide, pois ambos os termos se referem à qualidade de menor duração de um ditongo ou tritongo, porém o termo glide normalmente é usado para se referir à qualidade de menor duração de uma vogal longa que muda de qualidade durante sua produção, como por exemplo na vogal inglesa ⟨a⟩ /eɪ̯/, enquanto que o termo semivogal normalmente é utilizado quando essa "qualidade de menor duração" trata-se de um fonema separado na mesma sílaba.[2]

As semivogais também existem como fonemas separados no inglês e são vistas como consoantes, são o ⟨w⟩ como em wine, correspondendo à vogal /uː/, e ⟨y⟩ em yes, correspondendo à vogal /iː/. Foneticamente falando, wine é um tritongo, mas em nível fonológico trata-se de uma sequência de uma consoante no ataque da sílaba, seguida de uma vogal longa que muda de qualidade (gliding), e uma consoante nasal na coda. Estes dois tipos de ditongos podem gerar dúvidas, nenhum ditongo fonológico da língua inglesa começa com glide, mas o ditongo /juː/ representado pela letra ⟨u⟩ é às vezes contado junto com os ditongos fonológicos do idioma, mas o mesmo se comporta fonologicamente como sequência de consoante e vogal, pois além de ser um homofonema do pronome you, pode-se constatar seu caráter fonológico através do uso do artigo indefinido a que se torna an antes de vogal (e.g. an apple, an hour, a house, a universe).

Na língua portuguesa, existem duas semivogais:

A aproximante palatal (representada por /j/ no AFI) é formada quando o pré-dorso da língua aproxima-se do palato anterior, sem, no entanto, existir fricção de ar. Encontramos essa semivogal, por exemplo em:

  • leite /ˈlej.ʧi/ (PB) /ˈlɐj.tɨ/ (PE)
  • cai /ˈkaj/
  • i /ˈdɔj/
  • foi /ˈfoj/
  • cuidado /kuj.ˈda.du/

A aproximante labiovelar (representada por /w/ no AFI) é formada quando o pós-dorso da língua aproxima-se do palato posterior ao mesmo tempo que existe um arredondamento dos lábios, sem, no entanto, existir fricção de ar. Encontramos essa semivogal, por exemplo em:

  • viu /ˈviw/
  • meu /ˈmew/
  • u /ˈsɛw/
  • mau /ˈmaw/
  • água /ˈa. ɡw ɐ /

Parte da confusão que falantes da língua portuguesa têm para diferenciar semivogal de vogal deve-se à tênue diferença prevista nos critérios ou na combinação destes para diferenciá-las, muito embora amplos e distintos (lábios, palato, língua). A principal característica percebida durante a pronúncia isolada das vogais (a,e,o) e semivogais (i,u), está no movimento dos lábios que gradativamente vão se contraindo à medida que se avança a fala sequenciada das letras (a,e,i,o,u). Entre a pronúncia da primeira letra (vogal) "a" e a última (semivogal) "u", nessa série, os lábios passam da forma aberta à de um assobio.

Entretanto, é o fato de o grafema não ter simbologia própria, especialmente para fonemas semivocálicos "y" e "w", o principal causador de confusão porque faz uso de letras semivogais " i " e " u " para representá-lo. Apesar de acusticamente se aproximar de uma vogal, a semivogal funcional da fonologia aproxima-se de uma consoante. Não se deve confundir a letra, enquanto símbolo, com o fonema porque este é o som representado por aquela.

Ver também

Referências

  1. «Semivogal». Michaelis On-Line. Consultado em 12 de julho de 2018 
  2. «Linguativa - O portal de quem fala português». www.linguativa.com.br. Consultado em 12 de julho de 2018 
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