Língua lucumi

Lucumi

Lucumí

Outros nomes:Lacumí, anagó, santería, regla de ocha
Falado(a) em:  Cuba
Total de falantes: Nenhum (língua litúrgica)[1]
Família: Nigero-congolesa
 Atlântico-congolesa
  Volta-congolesa
   Benue-congolesa
    Defóides
     Ioruboides
      Edequiris
       Língua iorubá
        Lucumi
Códigos de língua
ISO 639-1: --
ISO 639-2: ---
ISO 639-3: luq

A língua lucumi (em castelhano: lucumí), também chamada de lacumí,[2] santería, regla de ocha e anagó,[3] é uma língua litúrgica utilizada pelos praticantes de Santería em Cuba e, em menor medida, por sua diáspora nos Estados Unidos.[4]

História

Anúncio de loja em Havana constando nome lucumi de orixá, Obaluaiê

Inicialmente derivada de um pidgin entre o iorubá e o castelhano falado por afro-cubanos, desenvolveu-se como uma língua litúrgica adquirida por fiéis na adolescência, utilizada para a comunicação ritual com orixás, encontrando-se variados níveis de influência não-iorubá e conhecimento da linguagem a depender da região, gerando um idioma complexamente variado.[4][5][2] O antropólogo americano William R. Bascom foi o primeiro a afirmar o parentesco entre o lucumi e o iorubá, inicialmente crendo que o nome do idioma se derivaria do nome de um antigo reino africano chamado Ulkamy, mas posteriormente adotando a hipótese de que vinha do iorubá oluku mi (em português: meu amigo).[5][6][7]

Fonética

O inventário fonético da língua lucumi é bastante semelhante ao do iorubá, suas variantes mais conservadoras tendo as mesmas sete vogais e inventário consonantal semelhante, mas substituindo as vogais nasais do iorubá por um n epentético ao fim da sílaba.[8] Diferentemente do iorubá, o lucumi não é uma língua tonal, utilizando um sistema de acento tônico provavelmente herdado do contato com o castelhano, o acento geralmente incidindo sobre a sílaba final.[9]

Referências

  1. «Lucumi». Ethnologue (em inglês). Consultado em 20 de agosto de 2018 
  2. a b «Vocabulario Lucumí». OrishaNet (em espanhol). Consultado em 20 de agosto de 2018 
  3. Concordia 2012, p. 1.
  4. a b Brandon 1997, pp. 145-146.
  5. a b Bascom 1972, p. 13.
  6. Brandon 1997, p. 146.
  7. Concordia 2012, p. 69.
  8. Concordia 2012, p. 65.
  9. Concordia 2012, pp. 65-66.

Bibliografia

  • Bascom, William R. (1972), «Shango in the New World», Austin, University of Texas, African and Afro-American Research Institute 
  • Brandon, George (1997), Santeria from Africa to the New World: The Dead Sell Memories (em inglês), Bloomington (Indiana): Indiana University Press, consultado em 20 de agosto de 2018 
  • Concordia, Maria J. (2012), The Anagó Language of Cuba (em inglês), Miami (Flórida): Florida International University, consultado em 20 de agosto de 2018 

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